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Datasets › Oxford 102 Flower

Oxford 102 Flower (102 Category Flower Dataset)

Introduced by Maria-Elena Nilsback et al. in Automated Flower Classification over a Large Number of Classes1 Dec 2008 archive 2025-07-28

Oxford 102 Flower is an image classification dataset consisting of 102 flower categories. The flowers chosen to be flower commonly occurring in the United Kingdom. Each class consists of between 40 and 258 images.

The images have large scale, pose and light variations. In addition, there are categories that have large variations within the category and several very similar categories.

HomepageBenchmarksPapers JSON

Benchmarks archive 2025-07-28

All 16 leaderboards whose dataset resolves to this page shown (sort by any header). "First row" is the archive's own first row at snapshot, in the archive's row order; nothing here re-ranks and metric direction is not asserted.

First row (archive order)PaperCode
Image Classification Flowers-102 CCT-14/7x2 Accuracy 99.76 Escaping the Big Data Paradigm with Compact Transformers keras-team/keras-io +8 52 Compare
Fine-Grained Image Classification Oxford 102 Flowers IELT Accuracy 99.64% Fine-Grained Visual Classification via Internal Ensemble... mobulan/ielt 25 Compare
Prompt Engineering Oxford 102 Flower PromptKD Harmonic mean 90.24 PromptKD: Unsupervised Prompt Distillation for... zhengli97/promptkd 14 Compare
Text-to-Image Generation Oxford 102 Flowers RAT-Diffusion FID 9.52 Data Extrapolation for Text-to-image Generation on Small Datasets senmaoy/RAT-Diffusion 8 Compare
Point-interactive Image Colorization Oxford 102 Flowers iColoriT PSNR@10 27.37 iColoriT: Towards Propagating Local Hint to the Right... pmh9960/iColoriT 7 Compare
Continual Learning Flowers (Fine-grained 6 Tasks) CondConvContinual Accuracy 97.16 EXTENDING CONDITIONAL CONVOLUTION STRUCTURES FOR... ivclab/CondConvContinual 6 Compare
Neural Architecture Search Oxford 102 Flowers NAT-M4 Accuracy (%) 98.3 Neural Architecture Transfer human-analysis/neural-architecture-transfer +1 4 Compare
Generalized Zero-Shot Learning Oxford 102 Flower SPOT (FREE) Harmonic mean 75.9 Synthetic Sample Selection for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning — 2 Compare
Image Generation Oxford 102 Flowers 256 x 256 Projected GAN FID 3.86 Projected GANs Converge Faster autonomousvision/projected_gan +2 2 Compare
Zero-Shot Learning Flowers-102 ZLaP Accuracy 75.9 Label Propagation for Zero-shot Classification with... vladan-stojnic/zlap 2 Compare
Zero-Shot Learning Oxford 102 Flower SPOT average top-1 classification accuracy 71.9 Synthetic Sample Selection for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning — 2 Compare
Few-Shot Image Classification Flowers-102 - 0-Shot Word CNN-RNN (DS-SJE Embedding) AP50 59.6 Learning Deep Representations of Fine-grained Visual Descriptions hanzhanggit/StackGAN-v2 +8 1 Compare
Few-Shot Image Classification Oxford 102 Flower RS-FSL ACCURACY 75.33 Rich Semantics Improve Few-shot Learning — 1 Compare
Few-Shot Learning Flowers-102 Variational Prompt Tuning Harmonic mean 81.12 Bayesian Prompt Learning for Image-Language Model Generalization saic-fi/bayesian-prompt-learning 1 Compare
Image Clustering Flowers-102 TURTLE (CLIP + DINOv2) Accuracy 99.6 Let Go of Your Labels with Unsupervised Transfer mlbio-epfl/turtle 1 Compare
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification Flowers-102 ZLaP Accuracy 73.4 Label Propagation for Zero-shot Classification with... vladan-stojnic/zlap 1 Compare

Papers archive 2025-07-28

30 shown of 80 papers with a leaderboard row on this dataset's benchmarks, newest first. The archive's own "papers using this dataset" list was never published, so this is the benchmark-backed subset; the archive's count for this dataset is 1,307. The Syntology column is from Syntology's graph (read 2026-09-24), stated per sample; it is not part of any archive number.

DateSamples run Syntology
Linear Attention with Global Context: A Multipole Attention Mechanism for Vision and Physics 1 1 3 Jul 2025 not harvested
MMRL++: Parameter-Efficient and Interaction-Aware Representation Learning for Vision-Language Models 1 1 15 May 2025 not harvested
MMRL: Multi-Modal Representation Learning for Vision-Language Models 1 1 11 Mar 2025 ran 0 of 1 samples (1 unverified)
Data Extrapolation for Text-to-image Generation on Small Datasets 1 1 2 Oct 2024 not harvested
HPT++: Hierarchically Prompting Vision-Language Models with Multi-Granularity Knowledge Generation and Improved Structure Modeling 2 1 27 Aug 2024 not harvested
Let Go of Your Labels with Unsupervised Transfer 1 1 11 Jun 2024 ran 3 of 4 samples (1 unverified; 4 pointer-only for licence)
Label Propagation for Zero-shot Classification with Vision-Language Models 1 3 5 Apr 2024 ran 1 of 2 samples (1 unverified)
Prompt Learning via Meta-Regularization 1 1 1 Apr 2024 ran 4 of 7 samples (3 unverified)
PromptKD: Unsupervised Prompt Distillation for Vision-Language Models 1 1 5 Mar 2024 not harvested
Learning Hierarchical Prompt with Structured Linguistic Knowledge for Vision-Language Models 2 1 11 Dec 2023 ran 3 of 7 samples (4 unverified)
DePT: Decoupled Prompt Tuning 1 1 14 Sep 2023 ran 4 of 8 samples (4 unverified; 8 pointer-only for licence)
Read-only Prompt Optimization for Vision-Language Few-shot Learning 1 1 29 Aug 2023 ran 4 of 6 samples (2 unverified)
Self-regulating Prompts: Foundational Model Adaptation without Forgetting 2 1 13 Jul 2023 ran 7 of 21 samples (14 unverified)
Consistency-guided Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Models 2 1 1 Jun 2023 ran 3 of 7 samples (4 unverified)
Reduction of Class Activation Uncertainty with Background Information 2 1 5 May 2023 not harvested
Synthetic Sample Selection for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning 0 2 6 Apr 2023 not harvested
Your Diffusion Model is Secretly a Zero-Shot Classifier 4 1 28 Mar 2023 ran 2 of 2 samples (0 unverified; 1 pointer-only for licence)
Fine-Grained Visual Classification via Internal Ensemble Learning Transformer 1 1 13 Feb 2023 not harvested
Learning Domain Invariant Prompt for Vision-Language Models 1 1 8 Dec 2022 not harvested
Helpful or Harmful: Inter-Task Association in Continual Learning 1 1 23 Oct 2022 not harvested
MaPLe: Multi-modal Prompt Learning 3 1 6 Oct 2022 ran 4 of 6 samples (2 unverified)
Bayesian Prompt Learning for Image-Language Model Generalization 1 1 5 Oct 2022 ran 4 of 6 samples (2 unverified)
SR-GNN: Spatial Relation-aware Graph Neural Network for Fine-Grained Image Categorization 1 1 5 Sep 2022 not harvested
iColoriT: Towards Propagating Local Hint to the Right Region in Interactive Colorization by Leveraging Vision Transformer 1 4 14 Jul 2022 not harvested
TransBoost: Improving the Best ImageNet Performance using Deep Transduction 1 1 26 May 2022 not harvested
An Evolutionary Approach to Dynamic Introduction of Tasks in Large-scale Multitask Learning Systems 1 1 25 May 2022 not harvested
Recurrent Affine Transformation for Text-to-image Synthesis 2 1 22 Apr 2022 not harvested
Three things everyone should know about Vision Transformers 8 1 18 Mar 2022 ran 1 of 1 samples (0 unverified)
Bamboo: Building Mega-Scale Vision Dataset Continually with Human-Machine Synergy 2 1 15 Mar 2022 ran 3 of 3 samples (0 unverified; 3 pointer-only for licence)
Conditional Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Models 12 1 10 Mar 2022 ran 4 of 6 samples (2 unverified)

The full list of 80 is in the JSON twin.

Dataset loaders archive 2025-07-28

pytorch.org/vision/stable/generated/torchvision.datasets.Flowers102.htmlpytorch/visionpytorch
www.tensorflow.org/datasets/catalog/oxford_flowers102tensorflow/datasetstfjax
gas.graviti.com/dataset/hellodataset/Flower102-1Graviti-AI/datasetstfpytorch

3 loaders as listed in the archive; links are outbound and not re-checked here.

Tasks archive 2025-07-28

Image ClassificationImage GenerationZero-Shot LearningFew-Shot Image ClassificationFew-Shot LearningContinual LearningImage ClusteringFine-Grained Image ClassificationNeural Architecture SearchTransductive Zero-Shot ClassificationText-to-Image GenerationPrompt EngineeringGeneralized Zero-Shot LearningFew-Shot Learning - 4 shotsPoint-interactive Image ColorizationUnsupervised Image Segmentation

License archive 2025-07-28

Unknown

Modalities archive 2025-07-28

Images

Languages archive 2025-07-28

No language tagged.

Variants archive 2025-07-28

  • Oxford 102 Flowers
  • Flowers-102
  • Oxford 102 Flowers 256 x 256
  • Flowers-102 - 0-Shot
  • Flowers (Fine-grained 6 Tasks)
  • Flowers
  • Oxford 102 Flower

7 variant names, as the archive lists them.

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections