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Label Propagation for Zero-shot Classification with Vision-Language Models

5 Apr 2024CVPR 2024 1arXiv:2404.04072archive 2025-07-28

Vladan Stojnić, Yannis Kalantidis, Giorgos Tolias

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on zero-shot classification, i.e. classification when provided merely with a list of class names. In this paper, we tackle the case of zero-shot classification in the presence of unlabeled data. We leverage the graph structure of the unlabeled data and introduce ZLaP, a method based on label propagation (LP) that utilizes geodesic distances for classification. We tailor LP to graphs containing both text and image features and further propose an efficient method for performing inductive inference based on a dual solution and a sparsification step. We perform extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our method on 14 common datasets and show that ZLaP outperforms the latest related works. Code: https://github.com/vladan-stojnic/ZLaP

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combine_separate_knns vladan-stojnic/ZLaP/zlap.py official repository ran MIT (permissive) · 6e6c1f2cdab9ec78 · report
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Tasks

ClassificationImage ClassificationMulti-label zero-shot learningTransductive LearningTransductive Zero-Shot ClassificationZero-Shot Learning

1 archive task tag without a task page not shown.

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification CIFAR-10 ZLaP Accuracy 93.6 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification CIFAR-100 ZLaP Accuarcy 73.3 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification CUB-200-2011 ZLaP Accuracy 64.1 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification Caltech-101 ZLaP Accuracy 83.7 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification DTD ZLaP Accuracy 51.8 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification EuroSAT ZLaP Accuracy 60.9 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification FGVC-Aircraft ZLaP Accuracy 28.4 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification Flowers-102 ZLaP Accuracy 73.4 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification Food-101 ZLaP Accuracy 87.9 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification ImageNet ZLaP Top 1 Accuracy 72.7 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification Oxford-IIIT Pets ZLaP Accuracy 92.8 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification SUN397 ZLaP Accuracy 71.9 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification Stanford Cars ZLaP Accuracy 72.1 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Transductive Zero-Shot Classification UCF101 ZLaP Accuracy 77.7 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning CIFAR-10 ZLaP* Accuracy 93.6 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning CIFAR-10 ZLaP Accuracy 93.4 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning CIFAR-100 ZLaP* Accuracy 74.2 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning CIFAR-100 ZLaP Accuracy 74 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning CUB-200-2011 ZLaP Accuracy 64.3 #13 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning CUB-200-2011 ZLaP* Accuracy 64.2 #14 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning Caltech-101 ZLaP Accuracy 84 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning Caltech-101 ZLaP* Accuracy 83.1 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning DTD ZLaP Accuracy 51.2 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning DTD ZLaP* Accuracy 51 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning EuroSAT ZLaP* Accuracy 63.2 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning FGVC-Aircraft ZLaP Accuracy 29.1 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning FGVC-Aircraft ZLaP* Accuracy 29 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning Flowers-102 ZLaP Accuracy 75.9 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning Flowers-102 ZLaP* Accuracy 75.5 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning Food-101 ZLaP* Accuracy 87.9 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning Food-101 ZLaP Accuracy 87.8 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning ImageNet ZLaP Top 1 Accuracy 72.1 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning ImageNet ZLaP* Top 1 Accuracy 72.1 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning Oxford-IIIT Pets ZLaP Accuracy 90 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning Oxford-IIIT Pets ZLaP* Accuracy 89 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning SUN397 ZLaP* Accuracy 71.4 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning SUN397 ZLaP Accuracy 71 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning Stanford Cars ZLaP* Accuracy 71.8 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning Stanford Cars ZLaP Accuracy 71.2 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning UCF101 ZLaP Accuracy 76.3 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-Shot Learning UCF101 ZLaP* Accuracy 76.3 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Introduced by this paper: ZLaP, ZLaP*

ZLaPZLaP*

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