Papers › Digging Into Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation

Digging Into Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation

4 Jun 2018arXiv:1806.01260archive 2025-07-28

Clément Godard, Oisin Mac Aodha, Michael Firman, Gabriel Brostow

Per-pixel ground-truth depth data is challenging to acquire at scale. To overcome this limitation, self-supervised learning has emerged as a promising alternative for training models to perform monocular depth estimation. In this paper, we propose a set of improvements, which together result in both quantitatively and qualitatively improved depth maps compared to competing self-supervised methods. Research on self-supervised monocular training usually explores increasingly complex architectures, loss functions, and image formation models, all of which have recently helped to close the gap with fully-supervised methods. We show that a surprisingly simple model, and associated design choices, lead to superior predictions. In particular, we propose (i) a minimum reprojection loss, designed to robustly handle occlusions, (ii) a full-resolution multi-scale sampling method that reduces visual artifacts, and (iii) an auto-masking loss to ignore training pixels that violate camera motion assumptions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of each component in isolation, and show high quality, state-of-the-art results on the KITTI benchmark.

PaperPDFCodeCode Syntology ran

In Syntology Open this paper in Syntology's Atlas, the map of the papers in Syntology's graph and their citations.

For agents, Syntology's MCP tool lists every function and class Syntology harvested from this paper and whether it ran (how to connect): get_harvested_code_for_paper(arxiv_id="1806.01260")

Code

Syntology Ran 17 of 24 code samples harvested from 5 repositories linked to this paper; 7 have no recorded run. Of those that ran: 3 ran · honoured contract; 1 ran · violated contract; 2 ran · our draft was wrong; 4 ran · fixture could not drive it; 7 ran with no contract checked.

By repository: community (archive-listed): 24 samples from 5 repositories, 17 ran. The run record, sample by sample. “Ran” means executed on a synthesized input, not that the code is correct or reproduces the paper.

15 repositories listed; official and paper-mentioned ones first.

nianticlabs/monodepth2 officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
CaptainEven/MonoDepthV2 mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
FangGet/tf-monodepth2 mentioned on GitHubtf report
IcarusWizard/monodepth2-paddle mentioned on GitHubpaddleApache-2.0 report
TWJianNuo/panoptic-scene-understanding mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
TanyaChutani/Monodepth-Tf2.x mentioned on GitHubtf report
XXXVincent/MonoDepth2 mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
isennkubilay/monodepth2_tf mentioned on GitHubtf report
jzwqaq/monodepth_jzw mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
minghanz/DepthC3D mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
qrzyang/pseudo-stereo mentioned on GitHubpytorchApache-2.0 report
rnlee1998/SRD mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
tudelft/filled-disparity-monodepth mentioned on GitHubtfNOASSERTION report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

24 samples harvested; 17 ran; 3 honoured the contract we drafted; 7 have no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-24; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.

3ran · honoured contract
1ran · violated contract
2ran · our draft was wrong
4ran · fixture could not drive it
7ran
7unverified

Licence: 6 of the 24 samples are pointer only, meaning Syntology does not serve that copy's text. This page shows no code text for any sample; each one links to its file in the repository.

Harvested from 5 repositories linked to this paper, official or community; each sample names its own and says which. “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized input. It does not mean the output is correct, and nothing here reproduces the paper's results. “Honoured” and “violated” refer to a contract Syntology drafted from the code itself; “our draft was wrong” and “fixture could not drive it” are failures of Syntology's instrument, not of the code.

Each sample ends with its code_sha256, Syntology's identity for that exact code. An agent fetches the stored sample with Syntology's MCP tool get_code(code_sha256="…") (how to connect); click an identity to copy that call.

Repository labels, per sample. official repository: The archive marks this repository official for the paper. named in the paper: The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official. community (archive-listed): In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper. found in paper text by Syntology: Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted. community: Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested. Samples from a repository marked official are listed first. Licence labels name the repository's licence as recorded at harvest. “Pointer only” means Syntology does not serve that copy's text, for one of four reasons: no licence file was found; the licence was not identified; the licence is recorded as permissive but that copy's record is not marked cleared; or the licence is outside the permissive list Syntology serves text under (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD and similar). Some licences outside that list permit redistribution, such as WTFPL, and GPL-3.0 under its conditions; they are simply not on the list. Hover a licence label for the reason. File links open the file on GitHub at the default branch, which may have changed since the harvest.

batch_post_process_disparity IcarusWizard/monodepth2-paddle/evaluate_depth.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted Apache-2.0 (permissive) · a8814cc5c348b987 · report
compute_errors CaptainEven/MonoDepthV2/evaluate_depth.py community (archive-listed) ran · honoured contract fingerprinted licence not identified · pointer only · d4eb240de6e155d3 · report
compute_errors IcarusWizard/monodepth2-paddle/evaluate_depth.py community (archive-listed) ran · honoured contract fingerprinted Apache-2.0 (permissive) · edd4f86e8f02732f · report
concat_image_seq FangGet/tf-monodepth2/data/prepare_train_data.py community (archive-listed) ran · violated contract fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · 09d614ea6e098976 · report
convbn qrzyang/pseudo-stereo/models/psm_submodule.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 15ab3c76823aef7e · report
convbn_3d qrzyang/pseudo-stereo/models/psm_submodule.py community (archive-listed) ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 46674adf87c5459d · report
count_text_lines iodncookie/my_loss_monodepth_master/monodepth_main.py community (archive-listed) ran · honoured contract licence not identified · pointer only · bed135371a969180 · report
depth2disp CaptainEven/MonoDepthV2/test_simple.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted licence not identified · pointer only · dafc01865fd0e64d · report
disp2depth CaptainEven/MonoDepthV2/test_simple.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted licence not identified · pointer only · 2f583364067a6299 · report
load_velodyne_points IcarusWizard/monodepth2-paddle/kitti_utils.py community (archive-listed) ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 8bfc895e86bfc7bc · report
make_iterative_func qrzyang/pseudo-stereo/utils/experiment.py community (archive-listed) ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 8233a45ac266ffd4 · report
make_nograd_func qrzyang/pseudo-stereo/utils/experiment.py community (archive-listed) ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · c2cc757b82342e5f · report
post_process_disparity iodncookie/my_loss_monodepth_master/monodepth_main.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted licence not identified · pointer only · 92cb86f70b5d6123 · report
project_depth_to_pointcloud CaptainEven/MonoDepthV2/test_simple.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong licence not identified · pointer only · 7d5438c1a2189f3f · report
read_calib_file IcarusWizard/monodepth2-paddle/kitti_utils.py community (archive-listed) ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · ff833c099a80a327 · report
readlines IcarusWizard/monodepth2-paddle/utils.py community (archive-listed) ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 859a6ec5fa262fcb · report
sub2ind IcarusWizard/monodepth2-paddle/kitti_utils.py community (archive-listed) ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 04e9b96b63844176 · report
compute_metric_for_each_image qrzyang/pseudo-stereo/utils/metrics.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 6d968ec37ba07def · report
disp_to_depth IcarusWizard/monodepth2-paddle/layers.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 212db0f1a51698c5 · report
get_smooth_loss qrzyang/pseudo-stereo/losses/utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · ee1c671a6243bdf3 · report
normalize_image IcarusWizard/monodepth2-paddle/utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 8749078cf4be8f13 · report
pfm_imread qrzyang/pseudo-stereo/datasets/data_io.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · c35f13ea74c6be42 · report
read_all_lines qrzyang/pseudo-stereo/datasets/data_io.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · e711a03e74028ed6 · report
tensor2float qrzyang/pseudo-stereo/utils/experiment.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 198cd80d23544257 · report

Tasks

Camera Pose EstimationDepth EstimationImage ReconstructionMonocular Depth EstimationMotion EstimationScene UnderstandingSelf-Supervised LearningUnsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Camera Pose Estimation KITTI Odometry Benchmark Monodepth2 Absolute Trajectory Error [m] 93.04 #7 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Camera Pose Estimation KITTI Odometry Benchmark Monodepth2 Average Rotational Error er[%] 20.72 #7 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Camera Pose Estimation KITTI Odometry Benchmark Monodepth2 Average Translational Error et[%] 43.21 #7 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation KITTI Eigen split monodepth2 M absolute relative error 0.106 #60 of 79 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation Make3D Monodepth2 Abs Rel 0.322 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation Make3D Monodepth2 RMSE 7.417 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation Make3D Monodepth2 Sq Rel 3.589 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation Mid-Air Dataset Monodepth2 Abs Rel 0.717 #6 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation Mid-Air Dataset Monodepth2 RMSE 74.552 #6 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation Mid-Air Dataset Monodepth2 RMSE log 0.882 #6 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation Mid-Air Dataset Monodepth2 SQ Rel 37.164 #6 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation VA (Virtual Apartment) MonoDepth2 Absolute relative error (AbsRel) 0.203 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation VA (Virtual Apartment) MonoDepth2 Log root mean square error (RMSE_log) 0.251 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation VA (Virtual Apartment) MonoDepth2 Mean average error (MAE) 0.295 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Monocular Depth Estimation VA (Virtual Apartment) MonoDepth2 Root mean square error (RMSE) 0.432 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections