Structured Prediction

Description from the archive archive 2025-07-28.

Benchmarks archive 2025-07-28

1 leaderboard table shown for this task, 1 with rows (a “benchmark” on this site is a table with at least one row, as on /sota), ordered by row count. “Best model” is the first row in the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing is re-ranked here and metric direction is not recorded in the archive. PwC's Trend sparklines are not in the archive, so that column is omitted.

Syntology column: samples harvested from the paper's repositories and executed on synthesized fixtures; “ran” is not a correctness claim and does not order the table. A dash means no Syntology record for that paper, not a recorded non-run. Read from the graph 2026-09-24.

Libraries

Not in the archive: the export carries no per-task library table, so there is nothing to show at snapshot 2025-07-28.

Datasets archive 2025-07-28

6 datasets whose archive record lists this task, ordered by the archive's paper count.

Subtasks archive 2025-07-28

No subtask under this task in the archive's task tree.

Most implemented papers archive 2025-07-28

30 shown of 195 papers with code (639 tagged with this task in all), ordered by repositories listed in the archive, not by stars (the archive holds no stars, so PwC's “Social” and “Latest” sorts cannot be reproduced). Papers without a page here are shown as plain text.

• Convolutional Pose Machines
  30 Jan 2016 50 repositories listed Syntology ran 1 of 4 samples · 3 unverified · 3 pointer-only (licence)
  Pose Machines provide a sequential prediction framework for learning rich implicit spatial models.
• VSE++: Improving Visual-Semantic Embeddings with Hard Negatives
  18 Jul 2017 10 repositories listed Syntology ran 2 of 5 samples · 3 unverified · 4 pointer-only (licence)
  We present a new technique for learning visual-semantic embeddings for cross-modal retrieval.
• Neural Networks for Joint Sentence Classification in Medical Paper Abstracts
  15 Dec 2016 5 repositories listed
  Existing models based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for sentence classification often do not incorporate the context in which sentences appear, and classify sentences individually.
• The Concrete Distribution: A Continuous Relaxation of Discrete Random Variables
  2 Nov 2016 5 repositories listed Syntology ran 3 of 5 samples · 2 unverified · 4 pointer-only (licence)
  The essence of the trick is to refactor each stochastic node into a differentiable function of its parameters and a random variable with fixed distribution.
• ReSeg: A Recurrent Neural Network-based Model for Semantic Segmentation
  22 Nov 2015 5 repositories listed
  Moreover, ReNet layers are stacked on top of pre-trained convolutional layers, benefiting from generic local features.
• Memory Augmented Policy Optimization for Program Synthesis and Semantic Parsing
  6 Jul 2018 4 repositories listed Syntology ran 0 of 15 samples · 15 unverified
  We present Memory Augmented Policy Optimization (MAPO), a simple and novel way to leverage a memory buffer of promising trajectories to reduce the variance of policy gradient estimate.
• Thinking Fast and Slow with Deep Learning and Tree Search
  23 May 2017 4 repositories listed
  Sequential decision making problems, such as structured prediction, robotic control, and game playing, require a combination of planning policies and generalisation of those plans.
• Fast and Accurate Entity Recognition with Iterated Dilated Convolutions
  7 Feb 2017 4 repositories listed Syntology ran 3 of 3 samples · 0 unverified · 3 pointer-only (licence)
  Today when many practitioners run basic NLP on the entire web and large-volume traffic, faster methods are paramount to saving time and energy costs.
• Shifts: A Dataset of Real Distributional Shift Across Multiple Large-Scale Tasks
  15 Jul 2021 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 0 of 6 samples · 6 unverified
  However, many tasks of practical interest have different modalities, such as tabular data, audio, text, or sensor data, which offer significant challenges involving regression and discrete or continuous structured…
• Learning with Differentiable Perturbed Optimizers
  20 Feb 2020 3 repositories listed
  Machine learning pipelines often rely on optimization procedures to make discrete decisions (e.
• The Microsoft Toolkit of Multi-Task Deep Neural Networks for Natural Language Understanding
  19 Feb 2020 3 repositories listed
  We present MT-DNN, an open-source natural language understanding (NLU) toolkit that makes it easy for researchers and developers to train customized deep learning models.
• Learning with Fenchel-Young Losses
  8 Jan 2019 3 repositories listed
  Over the past decades, numerous loss functions have been been proposed for a variety of supervised learning tasks, including regression, classification, ranking, and more generally structured prediction.
• Learning Approximate Inference Networks for Structured Prediction
  9 Mar 2018 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 2 of 2 samples · 0 unverified · 1 pointer-only (licence)
  Prior work used gradient descent for inference, relaxing the structured output to a set of continuous variables and then optimizing the energy with respect to them.
• Augmented CycleGAN: Learning Many-to-Many Mappings from Unpaired Data
  27 Feb 2018 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 0 of 3 samples · 3 unverified
  Learning inter-domain mappings from unpaired data can improve performance in structured prediction tasks, such as image segmentation, by reducing the need for paired data.
• SparseMAP: Differentiable Sparse Structured Inference
  12 Feb 2018 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 2 of 2 samples · 0 unverified · 2 pointer-only (licence)
  Structured prediction requires searching over a combinatorial number of structures.
• Men Also Like Shopping: Reducing Gender Bias Amplification using Corpus-level Constraints
  29 Jul 2017 3 repositories listed
  Language is increasingly being used to define rich visual recognition problems with supporting image collections sourced from the web.
• Deep Functional Maps: Structured Prediction for Dense Shape Correspondence
  27 Apr 2017 3 repositories listed
  We introduce a new framework for learning dense correspondence between deformable 3D shapes.
• Frank-Wolfe Algorithms for Saddle Point Problems
  25 Oct 2016 3 repositories listed
  We extend the Frank-Wolfe (FW) optimization algorithm to solve constrained smooth convex-concave saddle point (SP) problems.
• Input Convex Neural Networks
  22 Sep 2016 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 4 of 4 samples · 0 unverified
  We show that many existing neural network architectures can be made input-convex with a minor modification, and develop specialized optimization algorithms tailored to this setting.
• Deep Metric Learning via Lifted Structured Feature Embedding
  19 Nov 2015 3 repositories listed
  Additionally, we collected Online Products dataset: 120k images of 23k classes of online products for metric learning.
• A Reduction of Imitation Learning and Structured Prediction to No-Regret Online Learning
  2 Nov 2010 3 repositories listed
  Sequential prediction problems such as imitation learning, where future observations depend on previous predictions (actions), violate the common i.
• Structured Prediction Problem Archive
  4 Feb 2022 2 repositories listed
  In order to facilitate algorithm development for their numerical solution, we collect in one place a large number of datasets in easy to read formats for a diverse set of problem classes.
• DEGREE: A Data-Efficient Generation-Based Event Extraction Model
  29 Aug 2021 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 0 of 4 samples · 4 unverified
  Given a passage and a manually designed prompt, DEGREE learns to summarize the events mentioned in the passage into a natural sentence that follows a predefined pattern.
• Structured Prediction as Translation between Augmented Natural Languages
  14 Jan 2021 2 repositories listed
  We propose a new framework, Translation between Augmented Natural Languages (TANL), to solve many structured prediction language tasks including joint entity and relation extraction, nested named entity recognition,…
• A Frustratingly Easy Approach for Entity and Relation Extraction
  24 Oct 2020 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 3 of 4 samples · 1 unverified · 1 pointer-only (licence)
  Our approach essentially builds on two independent encoders and merely uses the entity model to construct the input for the relation model.
• Automated Concatenation of Embeddings for Structured Prediction
  10 Oct 2020 2 repositories listed
  Pretrained contextualized embeddings are powerful word representations for structured prediction tasks.
• Structured Prediction with Partial Labelling through the Infimum Loss
  2 Mar 2020 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 0 of 3 samples · 3 unverified
  Annotating datasets is one of the main costs in nowadays supervised learning.
• Structured Output Learning with Conditional Generative Flows
  30 May 2019 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 1 of 1 samples · 0 unverified · 1 pointer-only (licence)
  Traditional structured prediction models try to learn the conditional likelihood, i.
• A Fast and Scalable Joint Estimator for Integrating Additional Knowledge in Learning Multiple Related Sparse Gaussian Graphical Models
  1 Jun 2018 2 repositories listed
  We consider the problem of including additional knowledge in estimating sparse Gaussian graphical models (sGGMs) from aggregated samples, arising often in bioinformatics and neuroimaging applications.
• Experiment Segmentation in Scientific Discourse as Clause-level Structured Prediction using Recurrent Neural Networks
  17 Feb 2017 2 repositories listed
  We propose a deep learning model for identifying structure within experiment narratives in scientific literature.

Syntology lines on 14 of the papers shown; no Syntology record for the others (a paper without an arXiv id cannot be joined to the graph, and absence from the graph layer is not a recorded non-run). “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized fixture, not that the paper's result was reproduced. Read from the graph 2026-09-24.