Grammatical Error Correction

Description from the archive archive 2025-07-28.

Benchmarks archive 2025-07-28

13 leaderboard tables shown for this task, 13 with rows (a “benchmark” on this site is a table with at least one row, as on /sota), ordered by row count. “Best model” is the first row in the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing is re-ranked here and metric direction is not recorded in the archive. PwC's Trend sparklines are not in the archive, so that column is omitted. 10 shown of 13 until expanded.

Syntology column: samples harvested from the paper's repositories and executed on synthesized fixtures; “ran” is not a correctness claim and does not order the table. A dash means no Syntology record for that paper, not a recorded non-run. Read from the graph 2026-09-24.

Libraries

Not in the archive: the export carries no per-task library table, so there is nothing to show at snapshot 2025-07-28.

Datasets archive 2025-07-28

16 datasets whose archive record lists this task, ordered by the archive's paper count.

Subtasks archive 2025-07-28

1 subtask in the archive's task tree.

Most implemented papers archive 2025-07-28

30 shown of 142 papers with code (415 tagged with this task in all), ordered by repositories listed in the archive, not by stars (the archive holds no stars, so PwC's “Social” and “Latest” sorts cannot be reproduced). Papers without a page here are shown as plain text.

• Improving Grammatical Error Correction via Pre-Training a Copy-Augmented Architecture with Unlabeled Data
  1 Mar 2019 6 repositories listed
  It is the first time copying words from the source context and fully pre-training a sequence to sequence model are experimented on the GEC task.
• LM-Critic: Language Models for Unsupervised Grammatical Error Correction
  14 Sep 2021 3 repositories listed
  Training a model for grammatical error correction (GEC) requires a set of labeled ungrammatical / grammatical sentence pairs, but manually annotating such pairs can be expensive.
• GECToR -- Grammatical Error Correction: Tag, Not Rewrite
  26 May 2020 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 2 of 12 samples · 10 unverified
  In this paper, we present a simple and efficient GEC sequence tagger using a Transformer encoder.
• A Multilayer Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Neural Network for Grammatical Error Correction
  26 Jan 2018 3 repositories listed
  We improve automatic correction of grammatical, orthographic, and collocation errors in text using a multilayer convolutional encoder-decoder neural network.
• Multi-head Sequence Tagging Model for Grammatical Error Correction
  21 Oct 2024 2 repositories listed
  For this reason, the attention has been shifted to the non-autoregressive or sequence tagging models.
• Revisiting Meta-evaluation for Grammatical Error Correction
  5 Mar 2024 2 repositories listed
  The results of improved correlations by aligning the granularity in the sentence-level meta-evaluation, suggest that edit-based metrics may have been underestimated in existing studies.
• An Extended Sequence Tagging Vocabulary for Grammatical Error Correction
  12 Feb 2023 2 repositories listed
  We extend a current sequence-tagging approach to Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) by introducing specialised tags for spelling correction and morphological inflection using the SymSpell and LemmInflect algorithms.
• FCGEC: Fine-Grained Corpus for Chinese Grammatical Error Correction
  22 Oct 2022 2 repositories listed
  Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has been broadly applied in automatic correction and proofreading system recently.
• Linguistic Rules-Based Corpus Generation for Native Chinese Grammatical Error Correction
  19 Oct 2022 2 repositories listed
  Extensive experiments and detailed analyses not only demonstrate that the training data constructed by our method effectively improves the performance of CGEC models, but also reflect that our benchmark is an excellent…
• Chinese grammatical error correction based on knowledge distillation
  31 Jul 2022 2 repositories listed
  In view of the poor robustness of existing Chinese grammatical error correction models on attack test sets and large model parameters, this paper uses the method of knowledge distillation to compress model parameters…
• Mining Error Templates for Grammatical Error Correction
  23 Jun 2022 2 repositories listed
  We have accumulated 1, 119 error templates for Chinese GEC based on this method.
• Lossless Acceleration for Seq2seq Generation with Aggressive Decoding
  20 May 2022 2 repositories listed
  We study lossless acceleration for seq2seq generation with a novel decoding algorithm -- Aggressive Decoding.
• MuCGEC: a Multi-Reference Multi-Source Evaluation Dataset for Chinese Grammatical Error Correction
  23 Apr 2022 2 repositories listed
  This paper presents MuCGEC, a multi-reference multi-source evaluation dataset for Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (CGEC), consisting of 7, 063 sentences collected from three Chinese-as-a-Second-Language (CSL)…
• Automatic Error Type Annotation for Arabic
  16 Sep 2021 2 repositories listed
  We present ARETA, an automatic error type annotation system for Modern Standard Arabic.
• A Simple Recipe for Multilingual Grammatical Error Correction
  7 Jun 2021 2 repositories listed
  This paper presents a simple recipe to train state-of-the-art multilingual Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) models.
• Stronger Baselines for Grammatical Error Correction Using Pretrained Encoder-Decoder Model
  24 May 2020 2 repositories listed
  In this study, we explore the utility of bidirectional and auto-regressive transformers (BART) as a generic pretrained encoder-decoder model for GEC.
• A Neural Grammatical Error Correction System Built On Better Pre-training and Sequential Transfer Learning
  2 Jul 2019 2 repositories listed
  The resulting parallel corpora are subsequently used to pre-train Transformer models.
• The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Transformer Language Models in Grammatical Error Correction
  4 Jun 2019 2 repositories listed
  Recent work on Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has highlighted the importance of language modeling in that it is certainly possible to achieve good performance by comparing the probabilities of the proposed edits.
• Neural Network Translation Models for Grammatical Error Correction
  1 Jun 2016 2 repositories listed
  Phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) systems have previously been used for the task of grammatical error correction (GEC) to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy.
• gec-metrics: A Unified Library for Grammatical Error Correction Evaluation
  26 May 2025 1 repository listed Syntology ran 0 of 5 samples · 5 unverified
  We introduce gec-metrics, a library for using and developing grammatical error correction (GEC) evaluation metrics through a unified interface.
• Exploring the Feasibility of Multilingual Grammatical Error Correction with a Single LLM up to 9B parameters: A Comparative Study of 17 Models
  9 May 2025 1 repository listed
  Recent language models can successfully solve various language-related tasks, and many understand inputs stated in different languages.
• Rethinking Evaluation Metrics for Grammatical Error Correction: Why Use a Different Evaluation Process than Human?
  13 Feb 2025 1 repository listed Syntology ran 0 of 3 samples · 3 unverified
  One of the goals of automatic evaluation metrics in grammatical error correction (GEC) is to rank GEC systems such that it matches human preferences.
• Explanation based In-Context Demonstrations Retrieval for Multilingual Grammatical Error Correction
  12 Feb 2025 1 repository listed Syntology ran 0 of 5 samples · 5 unverified
  In this paper, we propose a novel retrieval method based on natural language grammatical error explanations (GEE) to address this issue.
• DSGram: Dynamic Weighting Sub-Metrics for Grammatical Error Correction in the Era of Large Language Models
  17 Dec 2024 1 repository listed
  Evaluating the performance of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) models has become increasingly challenging, as large language model (LLM)-based GEC systems often produce corrections that diverge from provided gold…
• Improving Explainability of Sentence-level Metrics via Edit-level Attribution for Grammatical Error Correction
  17 Dec 2024 1 repository listed
  Various evaluation metrics have been proposed for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC), but many, particularly reference-free metrics, lack explainability.
• Enhancing Grammatical Error Detection using BERT with Cleaned Lang-8 Dataset
  23 Nov 2024 1 repository listed
  Traditional rule-based systems have an F1 score of 0.
• Efficient and Interpretable Grammatical Error Correction with Mixture of Experts
  30 Oct 2024 1 repository listed
  Error type information has been widely used to improve the performance of grammatical error correction (GEC) models, whether for generating corrections, re-ranking them, or combining GEC models.
• A Simple Yet Effective Corpus Construction Framework for Indonesian Grammatical Error Correction
  28 Oct 2024 1 repository listed
  How to efficiently construct high-quality evaluation corpora for GEC in low-resource languages has become a significant challenge.
• CLEME2.0: Towards More Interpretable Evaluation by Disentangling Edits for Grammatical Error Correction
  1 Jul 2024 1 repository listed
  The paper focuses on improving the interpretability of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) metrics, which receives little attention in previous studies.
• Improving Grammatical Error Correction via Contextual Data Augmentation
  25 Jun 2024 1 repository listed
  Nowadays, data augmentation through synthetic data has been widely used in the field of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) to alleviate the problem of data scarcity.

Syntology lines on 4 of the papers shown; no Syntology record for the others (a paper without an arXiv id cannot be joined to the graph, and absence from the graph layer is not a recorded non-run). “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized fixture, not that the paper's result was reproduced. Read from the graph 2026-09-24.