Browse › Natural Language Processing › Grammatical Error Correction › CoNLL-2014 Shared Task
CoNLL-2014 Shared Task Benchmark (Grammatical Error Correction)
Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is the task of correcting different kinds of errors in text such as spelling, punctuation, grammatical, and word choice errors.
GEC is typically formulated as a sentence correction task. A GEC system takes a potentially erroneous sentence as input and is expected to transform it to its corrected version. See the example given below:
| Input (Erroneous) | Output (Corrected) |
|---|---|
| She see Tom is catched by policeman in park at last night. | She saw Tom caught by a policeman in the park last night. |
The archive carries no text for this table; the description above is the archive's text for the task Grammatical Error Correction. archive 2025-07-28
Over time archive 2025-07-28
The chart needs JavaScript; the table below carries every value.
Direction inferred from the metric name, not from the archive: Precision (higher is better), Recall (higher is better). Not inferred (points only, no best-so-far line): F0.5. Points are placed at the row's paper date; 22 of 23 rows carry one.
Results archive 2025-07-28
Archive rows end at the archive snapshot, 2025-07-28: no result published after that date is in this table. Rank is the archive's row order at that snapshot; not re-ranked here. Metric values are the archive's strings. Column headers sort the table in your browser; each row keeps its archive rank.
| Paper | Code | Ran Syntology | Report | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ensembles of best 7 models + GRECO + GTP-rerank | 72.8 | 83.9 | 47.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2024 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 2 | Majority-voting ensemble on best 7 models | 71.8 | 83.7 | 45.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2024 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 3 | GRECO (voting+ESC) | 71.12 | 79.6 | 49.86 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 4 | GEC-DI (LM+GED) | 69.6 | 79.2 | 46.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 5 | Unsupervised GEC + cLang8 | 69.6 | 75.0 | 53.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 6 | ESC | 69.51 | 81.48 | 43.78 | – | Paper | Code | linked, not harvested | report | |
| 7 | T5 | 68.87 | – | Paper | Code | 2021 | linked, not harvested | report | ||
| 8 | MoECE | 67.79 | 74.29 | 50.21 | – | Paper | Code | 2024 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 9 | SynGEC | 67.6 | 74.7 | 49.0 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 10 | Sequence tagging + token-level transformations + two-stage fine-tuning (+BERT, RoBERTa, XLNet) | 66.5 | 78.2 | 41.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | 2 of 12 ran · 10 unverified | report |
| 11 | LM-Critic | 65.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2021 | linked, not harvested | report | ||
| 12 | Sequence tagging + token-level transformations + two-stage fine-tuning (+XLNet) | 65.3 | 77.5 | 40.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | 2 of 12 ran · 10 unverified | report |
| 13 | Transformer + Pre-train with Pseudo Data (+BERT) | 65.2 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | linked, not harvested | report | ||
| 14 | Transformer + Pre-train with Pseudo Data | 65.0 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | 3 of 3 ran · 0 unverified | report | ||
| 15 | VERNet | 63.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2021 | linked, not harvested | report | ||
| 16 | BART | 63.0 | 69.9 | 45.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 17 | Sequence Labeling with edits using BERT, Faster inference | 61.2 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report | ||
| 18 | Copy-augmented Model (4 Ensemble +Denoising Autoencoder) | 61.15 | 71.57 | 38.65 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 19 | Sequence Labeling with edits using BERT, Faster inference (Single Model) | 59.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report | ||
| 20 | CNN Seq2Seq + Quality Estimation | 56.52 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | linked, not harvested | report | ||
| 21 | SMT + BiGRU | 56.25 | – | Paper | – | 2018 | no code linked | report | ||
| 22 | Transformer | 55.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | linked, not harvested | report | ||
| 23 | CNN Seq2Seq | 54.79 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | linked, not harvested | report |
All 23 rows shown. 23 link to a paper page on this site; 0 are marked as using additional training data in the archive. No GitHub stars are tracked; "Code" is the first repository the archive lists for the row. The archive carries no row tags, review links or community-submitted rows for this table; none are shown. archive 2025-07-28
Syntology Ran reads "N of M ran · U unverified": of the M code samples Syntology harvested from repositories linked to that row's paper (joined by arXiv id), N executed on a synthesized input and the other U = M−N are unverified (harvested, no recorded run). It counts code from repositories linked to that row's paper, not this result: the row's number was not reproduced and nothing here is a correctness claim. The other cell texts mean no graph line for the row: "linked, not harvested" (the archive links code, Syntology has not harvested it), "no code linked" (no code link in the archive), "not matched" (the row's paper URL matched no paper on this site). 3 rows have a graph line, from 2 distinct papers; 3 rows (2 papers) have at least one sample that ran. Counting each paper once: Syntology ran 5 of 15 samples; 10 unverified. Separately, 0 of those 15 are pointer-only (licence): the site points at that code rather than redistributing it, a licence property recorded for ran and unverified samples alike; each cell's tooltip carries the row's own pointer-only count. Read from the graph 2026-09-24. Per-sample status is on the paper page.
Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections