Multi-Label Text Classification

Description from the archive archive 2025-07-28.

Benchmarks archive 2025-07-28

20 leaderboard tables shown for this task, 20 with rows (a “benchmark” on this site is a table with at least one row, as on /sota), ordered by row count. “Best model” is the first row in the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing is re-ranked here and metric direction is not recorded in the archive. PwC's Trend sparklines are not in the archive, so that column is omitted. 10 shown of 20 until expanded.

Syntology column: samples harvested from the paper's repositories and executed on synthesized fixtures; “ran” is not a correctness claim and does not order the table. A dash means no Syntology record for that paper, not a recorded non-run. Read from the graph 2026-09-24.

Libraries

Not in the archive: the export carries no per-task library table, so there is nothing to show at snapshot 2025-07-28.

Datasets archive 2025-07-28

13 datasets whose archive record lists this task, ordered by the archive's paper count.

Subtasks archive 2025-07-28

No subtask under this task in the archive's task tree.

Parent tasks archive 2025-07-28

Most implemented papers archive 2025-07-28

30 shown of 78 papers with code (171 tagged with this task in all), ordered by repositories listed in the archive, not by stars (the archive holds no stars, so PwC's “Social” and “Latest” sorts cannot be reproduced). Papers without a page here are shown as plain text.

• Towards Scalable and Reliable Capsule Networks for Challenging NLP Applications
  6 Jun 2019 5 repositories listed
  Obstacles hindering the development of capsule networks for challenging NLP applications include poor scalability to large output spaces and less reliable routing processes.
• ML-Net: multi-label classification of biomedical texts with deep neural networks
  13 Nov 2018 4 repositories listed
  Due to this nature, the multi-label text classification task is often considered to be more challenging compared to the binary or multi-class text classification problems.
• Investigating Capsule Networks with Dynamic Routing for Text Classification
  29 Mar 2018 4 repositories listed
  In this study, we explore capsule networks with dynamic routing for text classification.
• Correlation Networks for Extreme Multi-label Text Classification
  23 Aug 2022 3 repositories listed
  This paper develops the Correlation Networks (CorNet) architecture for the extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) task, where the objective is to tag an input text sequence with the most relevant subset of…
• AttentionXML: Label Tree-based Attention-Aware Deep Model for High-Performance Extreme Multi-Label Text Classification
  1 Nov 2018 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 3 of 3 samples · 0 unverified · 3 pointer-only (licence)
  We propose a new label tree-based deep learning model for XMTC, called AttentionXML, with two unique features: 1) a multi-label attention mechanism with raw text as input, which allows to capture the most relevant part…
• DKEC: Domain Knowledge Enhanced Multi-Label Classification for Diagnosis Prediction
  10 Oct 2023 2 repositories listed
  Multi-label text classification (MLTC) tasks in the medical domain often face the long-tail label distribution problem.
• Qwen Technical Report
  28 Sep 2023 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 2 of 4 samples · 2 unverified
  Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence, enabling natural language processing tasks that were previously thought to be exclusive to humans.
• Balancing Methods for Multi-label Text Classification with Long-Tailed Class Distribution
  10 Sep 2021 2 repositories listed
  Here, we introduce the application of balancing loss functions for multi-label text classification.
• Explainable Automated Coding of Clinical Notes using Hierarchical Label-wise Attention Networks and Label Embedding Initialisation
  29 Oct 2020 2 repositories listed
  LE initialisation consistently boosted most deep learning models for automated medical coding.
• Pretrained Generalized Autoregressive Model with Adaptive Probabilistic Label Clusters for Extreme Multi-label Text Classification
  5 Jul 2020 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 3 of 14 samples · 11 unverified · 1 pointer-only (licence)
  Extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) is a task for tagging a given text with the most relevant labels from an extremely large label set.
• Multi-Label Text Classification using Attention-based Graph Neural Network
  22 Mar 2020 2 repositories listed
  The graph attention network uses a feature matrix and a correlation matrix to capture and explore the crucial dependencies between the labels and generate classifiers for the task.
• MAGNET: Multi-Label Text Classification using Attention-based Graph Neural Network
  24 Feb 2020 2 repositories listed
  The graph attention network uses a feature matrix and a correlation matrix to capture and explore the crucial dependencies between the labels and generate classifiers for the task.
• Taming Pretrained Transformers for Extreme Multi-label Text Classification
  7 May 2019 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 1 of 1 samples · 0 unverified
  However, naively applying deep transformer models to the XMC problem leads to sub-optimal performance due to the large output space and the label sparsity issue.
• Comprehensive Evaluation of Deep Learning Architectures for Prediction of DNA/RNA Sequence Binding Specificities
  29 Jan 2019 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 2 of 3 samples · 1 unverified · 3 pointer-only (licence)
  For this purpose, we present deepRAM, an end-to-end deep learning tool that provides an implementation of novel and previously proposed architectures; its fully automatic model selection procedure allows us to perform a…
• MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database
  24 May 2016 2 repositories listed
  MIMIC-III (‘Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care’) is a large, single-center database comprising information relating to patients admitted to critical care units at a large tertiary care hospital.
• Task-Informed Anti-Curriculum by Masking Improves Downstream Performance on Text
  18 Feb 2025 1 repository listed
  In this paper, we propose to adjust the masking ratio and to decide which tokens to mask based on a novel task-informed anti-curriculum learning scheme.
• Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) vs. eXtreme Multilabel Classification (XML): Two Sides of the Same Medal
  20 Nov 2024 1 repository listed
  The HBGL and HGLCR models from the HTC domain are trained and tested on the datasets Wiki10-31K, AmazonCat-13K, and Amazon-670K from the XML domain.
• Open-world Multi-label Text Classification with Extremely Weak Supervision
  8 Jul 2024 1 repository listed
  We study open-world multi-label text classification under extremely weak supervision (XWS), where the user only provides a brief description for classification objectives without any labels or ground-truth label space.
• TTD: Text-Tag Self-Distillation Enhancing Image-Text Alignment in CLIP to Alleviate Single Tag Bias
  30 Mar 2024 1 repository listed Syntology ran 1 of 1 samples · 0 unverified · 1 pointer-only (licence)
  We identify a critical bias in contemporary CLIP-based models, which we denote as single tag bias.
• Compositional Generalization for Multi-label Text Classification: A Data-Augmentation Approach
  18 Dec 2023 1 repository listed
  Our experiments show that this data augmentation approach significantly improves the compositional generalization capabilities of classification models on our benchmarks, with both generation models surpassing other…
• Text2Topic: Multi-Label Text Classification System for Efficient Topic Detection in User Generated Content with Zero-Shot Capabilities
  23 Oct 2023 1 repository listed
  We propose Text to Topic (Text2Topic), which achieves high multi-label classification performance by employing a Bi-Encoder Transformer architecture that utilizes concatenation, subtraction, and multiplication of…
• Instances and Labels: Hierarchy-aware Joint Supervised Contrastive Learning for Hierarchical Multi-Label Text Classification
  8 Oct 2023 1 repository listed
  Hierarchical multi-label text classification (HMTC) aims at utilizing a label hierarchy in multi-label classification.
• Substituting Data Annotation with Balanced Updates and Collective Loss in Multi-label Text Classification
  24 Sep 2023 1 repository listed
  Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is the task of assigning multiple labels to a given text, and has a wide range of application domains.
• Prompt Tuned Embedding Classification for Multi-Label Industry Sector Allocation
  21 Sep 2023 1 repository listed
  All limitations (a), (b), and (c) are addressed by replacing the PLM's language head with a classification head, which is referred to as Prompt Tuned Embedding Classification (PTEC).
• MatchXML: An Efficient Text-label Matching Framework for Extreme Multi-label Text Classification
  25 Aug 2023 1 repository listed
  We then extract the dense text representations from the fine-tuned Transformer.
• Mao-Zedong At SemEval-2023 Task 4: Label Represention Multi-Head Attention Model With Contrastive Learning-Enhanced Nearest Neighbor Mechanism For Multi-Label Text Classification
  11 Jul 2023 1 repository listed
  The study of human values is essential in both practical and theoretical domains.
• HiTIN: Hierarchy-aware Tree Isomorphism Network for Hierarchical Text Classification
  24 May 2023 1 repository listed Syntology ran 13 of 17 samples · 4 unverified · 17 pointer-only (licence)
  Hierarchical text classification (HTC) is a challenging subtask of multi-label classification as the labels form a complex hierarchical structure.
• An Exploration of Encoder-Decoder Approaches to Multi-Label Classification for Legal and Biomedical Text
  9 May 2023 1 repository listed
  Standard methods for multi-label text classification largely rely on encoder-only pre-trained language models, whereas encoder-decoder models have proven more effective in other classification tasks.
• The Effect of Metadata on Scientific Literature Tagging: A Cross-Field Cross-Model Study
  7 Feb 2023 1 repository listed
  Due to the exponential growth of scientific publications on the Web, there is a pressing need to tag each paper with fine-grained topics so that researchers can track their interested fields of study rather than…
• Automated ICD Coding using Extreme Multi-label Long Text Transformer-based Models
  12 Dec 2022 1 repository listed
  XR-Transformer, the new SOTA model in the general extreme multi-label text classification domain, and XR-LAT, a novel adaptation of the XR-Transformer model, were also trained on the MIMIC-III dataset.

Syntology lines on 7 of the papers shown; no Syntology record for the others (a paper without an arXiv id cannot be joined to the graph, and absence from the graph layer is not a recorded non-run). “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized fixture, not that the paper's result was reproduced. Read from the graph 2026-09-24.