Papers › mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization

mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization

25 Oct 2017ICLR 2018 1arXiv:1710.09412archive 2025-07-28

Hongyi Zhang, Moustapha Cisse, Yann N. Dauphin, David Lopez-Paz

Large deep neural networks are powerful, but exhibit undesirable behaviors such as memorization and sensitivity to adversarial examples. In this work, we propose mixup, a simple learning principle to alleviate these issues. In essence, mixup trains a neural network on convex combinations of pairs of examples and their labels. By doing so, mixup regularizes the neural network to favor simple linear behavior in-between training examples. Our experiments on the ImageNet-2012, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, Google commands and UCI datasets show that mixup improves the generalization of state-of-the-art neural network architectures. We also find that mixup reduces the memorization of corrupt labels, increases the robustness to adversarial examples, and stabilizes the training of generative adversarial networks.

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facebookresearch/mixup-cifar10 officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
5m0k3/gwd-efficientdet-pytorch mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
5m0k3/gwd-yolov5-pytorch mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
AngusG/bn-advex-zhang-fixup mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
Bennie-Han/Image-augementation-pytorch mentioned on GitHubpytorchnot reachable when probed 2026-09-17 — repositories for recent papers often appear after camera-ready report
Brunogomes97/Imdb mentioned on GitHub report
CaoShuning/MIXUP mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
Hazelsuko07/InstaHide mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
LeiLiu-byte/the-Essence-of-LT-Rocognition mentioned on GitHubpytorchnot reachable when probed 2026-09-17 — repositories for recent papers often appear after camera-ready report
P2333/Mixup-Inference mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
PsorTheDoctor/microarray-data mentioned on GitHubtf report
RohitDhankar/kaggle_wheat mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
Ryoo72/dimension-wise_mixup mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
SarthakYadav/audax mentioned on GitHubjax report
Taoudi/DataAugmentation mentioned on GitHubtfMIT report
Taoudi/ImbalancedData mentioned on GitHubtfMIT report
Westlake-AI/openmixup mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
Yangget/Mixup_All-use mentioned on GitHub report
acmiyaguchi/birdclef-2022 mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
akjgskwi/mixup_chainer mentioned on GitHubMIT report
amerch/CIFAR100-Training mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
andychinka/dcase-challenge mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
ben-davidson-6/fixup mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
dongdong69/MixAugmentation mentioned on GitHub report
erichson/noisy_mixup mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
facebookresearch/ClassyVision mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
google-research/diffstride mentioned on GitHubtfApache-2.0 report
hh-xiaohu/Image-augementation-pytorch mentioned on GitHubpytorchnot reachable when probed 2026-09-17 — repositories for recent papers often appear after camera-ready report
hongyi-zhang/Fixup mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
hongyi-zhang/mixup mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
iver56/audiomentations mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
jianshen92/stanford-car-grab-challenge mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
jmaronas/calibration_MixupDNN_ARCLoss.pytorch mentioned on GitHubpytorchGPL-3.0 report
jonnor/datascience-master mentioned on GitHub report
js-aguiar/wheat-object-detection mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
lRomul/argus-freesound mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
leehomyc/mixup_pytorch mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
lnstadrum/fastaugment mentioned on GitHubtf report
makeyourownmaker/mixup mentioned on GitHubpytorchGPL-2.0 report
mingsun-tse/good-da-in-kd mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
nikolaev-n/CocktailPartySpeakerRecognition mentioned on GitHubApache-2.0 report
rit-git/Snippext_public mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
rwightman/pytorch-image-models mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
sailist/thexp-implement mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
sayakpaul/FunMatch-Distillation mentioned on GitHubtf report
scut-aitcm/CompetitiveSENet mentioned on GitHubtf report
smilelab-fl/fednoisy mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
tanmaypandey7/wheat-detection mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
teang1995/satellite_image_task mentioned on GitHubnot reachable when probed 2026-09-18 — repositories for recent papers often appear after camera-ready report
transcendentsky/mixup mentioned on GitHubpytorchBSD-3-Clause report
tugstugi/pytorch-speech-commands mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
tusharip/augmentations mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
yell/kaggle-camera mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
yuleiqin/capro mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
yuleiqin/fopro mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
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5ran · our draft was wrong
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AddMixer lRomul/argus-freesound/src/mixers.py community (archive-listed) ran MIT (permissive) · 60fc83929db77047 · report
BengaliMixUpDataset toshi-k/kaggle-bengaliai-handwritten-grapheme-classification/source/02_nn_solution/debug_dataset.py community (archive-listed) ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · eda27e400dd33e72 · report
DatasetRetriever js-aguiar/wheat-object-detection/source/dataset.py community (archive-listed) ran no licence file found · pointer only · 7c45621d4018ce63 · report
MLPClassifierMixup jankrepl/mildlyoverfitted/github_adventures/mixup/utils.py community (archive-listed) ran fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · 044377f3db8fca77 · report
MixAug dongdong69/MixAugmentation/MixAug.py community (archive-listed) ran · metamorphic tier: deterministic fingerprinted no licence file found · pointer only · 5fe78642cd386d74 · report
Mixup wangermeng2021/FastClassification/augment/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran MIT (permissive) · 8f549c9a18e67058 · report
Mixup ENSTA-U2IS-AI/torch-uncertainty/src/torch_uncertainty/transforms/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · metamorphic tier: deterministic Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 0d567415bc4684f0 · report
Mixup acmiyaguchi/birdclef-2022/birdclef/models/classifier_nn/datasets.py community (archive-listed) ran · metamorphic tier: deterministic no licence file found · pointer only · 1b55e6c4576721e0 · report
_recursive_mixup facebookresearch/ClassyVision/classy_vision/dataset/transforms/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong MIT (permissive) · 6d58d3dc58c56a08 · report
concat_all_gather Westlake-AI/openmixup/openmixup/models/augments/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it Apache-2.0 (permissive) · fa052d95a1f73aa9 · report
cutmix_bbox_and_lam facebookresearch/ClassyVision/classy_vision/dataset/transforms/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it MIT (permissive) · 7769dc4e190b54d4 · report
do_mixup SarthakYadav/audax/audax/transforms/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong BSD-2-Clause (permissive) · 1c7aeb910bc9f545 · report
get_random_sample lRomul/argus-freesound/src/mixers.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong MIT (permissive) · ff05773d89bd720b · report
load_image_and_boxes tanmaypandey7/wheat-detection/utils/utils/datasets.py community (archive-listed) ran GPL-3.0 (copyleft) · pointer only · 0d7e0c55bc9b54f4 · report
load_mixup_images_and_boxes tanmaypandey7/wheat-detection/utils/utils/datasets.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it GPL-3.0 (copyleft) · pointer only · 6d4ae2306a6dd42c · report
mixup Westlake-AI/openmixup/openmixup/models/augments/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 656d88b7d9a9e392 · report
mixup Yangget/Mixup_All-use/Mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · bc9feed0a6523697 · report
mixup tugstugi/pytorch-speech-commands/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it no licence file found · pointer only · e85b9399854d6440 · report
mixup PsorTheDoctor/microarray-data/utils/augmentation.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted no licence file found · pointer only · 835392836f697b21 · report
mixup mingsun-tse/good-da-in-kd/helper/loops.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it no licence file found · pointer only · f0f17df9d7c15828 · report
mixup tusharip/augmentations/codes/vision.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · 933e954914270161 · report
mixup_data hongyi-zhang/mixup/cifar/utils.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it BSD-3-Clause (permissive) · c8f7fd47a7acbaa3 · report
mixup_data smilelab-fl/fednoisy/fednoisy/utils/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 1905009bf59716f6 · report
mixup_data Ryoo72/dimension-wise_mixup/models/utils.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it licence not identified · pointer only · b062bea460457feb · report
mixup_data andychinka/dcase-challenge/asc/data_aug.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted no licence file found · pointer only · 4ef20d27ae01e4c3 · report
mixup_target facebookresearch/ClassyVision/classy_vision/dataset/transforms/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · 448ddfbc145b985e · report
onehot tugstugi/pytorch-speech-commands/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it no licence file found · pointer only · bc878657aee7b3c0 · report
rand_bbox facebookresearch/ClassyVision/classy_vision/dataset/transforms/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong MIT (permissive) · 19ead423fd887adc · report
rand_bbox_minmax facebookresearch/ClassyVision/classy_vision/dataset/transforms/mixup.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · d82c3a657cbaed6b · report
vec_mul_ten Hazelsuko07/InstaHide/train_cross.py community (archive-listed) ran MIT (permissive) · ac26d9206e0ac500 · report
MixUp OFRIN/Tensorflow_MixUp/Train_MixUp.py community (archive-listed) unverified no licence file found · pointer only · cfc01e12143b4410 · report
MixupTransform facebookresearch/ClassyVision/classy_vision/dataset/transforms/mixup.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 701284a14a921294 · report
PreActResNet18 leehomyc/mixup_pytorch/models/preact_resnet.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · b6e5f24824f19914 · report
RandomMixUp pytorch/vision/references/classification/transforms.py community (archive-listed) unverified BSD-3-Clause (permissive) · fa87b05b59895a9b · report
TrainingMode SarthakYadav/audax/audax/transforms/mixup.py community (archive-listed) unverified BSD-2-Clause (permissive) · 51f54dbb7240a484 · report
_noise erichson/noisy_mixup/src/noisy_mixup.py community (archive-listed) unverified GPL-3.0 (copyleft) · pointer only · 48b6ae3361582213 · report
batch_shuffle_ddp Westlake-AI/openmixup/openmixup/models/augments/mixup.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · d6b836d9b156da28 · report
count_files_in_dataset_dir nikolaev-n/CocktailPartySpeakerRecognition/audio_normalizer.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 8aadd870961992c4 · report
debug_mixup toshi-k/kaggle-bengaliai-handwritten-grapheme-classification/source/02_nn_solution/debug_dataset.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 9479dbe678007bc9 · report
do_noisy_mixup erichson/noisy_mixup/src/noisy_mixup.py community (archive-listed) unverified GPL-3.0 (copyleft) · pointer only · e4a853c8450e16b2 · report
load_image tanmaypandey7/wheat-detection/utils/utils/datasets.py community (archive-listed) unverified GPL-3.0 (copyleft) · pointer only · 96c97809b6f786f8 · report
load_wave nikolaev-n/CocktailPartySpeakerRecognition/gen_audio_features.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 28154e77998b2963 · report
mixup Shubhammawa/MixMatch-Semi-Supervised-Learning/MixMatch_utils/MixMatch_utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 9632c4d4a17cb9c6 · report
mixup_data Hazelsuko07/InstaHide/train_cross.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · e7229d6a2824b389 · report
parse_label_voxceleb nikolaev-n/CocktailPartySpeakerRecognition/gen_audio_features.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 268ef97cebd35bef · report
shuffle_minibatch leehomyc/mixup_pytorch/main_cifar10.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · d3e01aa48a90e109 · report
shuffle_minibatch leehomyc/mixup_pytorch/main_cifar100.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · a3594707e07f7e69 · report

Tasks

Domain GeneralizationImage ClassificationMemorizationOut-of-Distribution GeneralizationSemi-Supervised Image Classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Domain Generalization ImageNet-A Mixup (ResNet-50) Top-1 accuracy % 6.6 #35 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification CIFAR-10 DenseNet-BC-190 + Mixup Percentage correct 97.3 #87 of 265 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification CIFAR-100 DenseNet-BC-190 + Mixup Percentage correct 83.20 #89 of 211 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification Kuzushiji-MNIST PreActResNet-18 + Input Mixup Accuracy 98.41 #19 of 26 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification CIFAR-10, 250 Labels MixUp Percentage error 47.43 #26 of 27 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification SVHN, 250 Labels MixUp Accuracy 60.03 #15 of 15 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Introduced by this paper: Mixup

1x1 ConvolutionAverage PoolingBatch NormalizationBottleneck Residual BlockConvolutionGlobal Average PoolingKaiming InitializationMax PoolingMixupReLUResidual BlockResidual Connection

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