Papers › Improved Regularization of Convolutional Neural Networks with Cutout

Improved Regularization of Convolutional Neural Networks with Cutout

15 Aug 2017arXiv:1708.04552archive 2025-07-28

Terrance DeVries, Graham W. Taylor

Convolutional neural networks are capable of learning powerful representational spaces, which are necessary for tackling complex learning tasks. However, due to the model capacity required to capture such representations, they are often susceptible to overfitting and therefore require proper regularization in order to generalize well. In this paper, we show that the simple regularization technique of randomly masking out square regions of input during training, which we call cutout, can be used to improve the robustness and overall performance of convolutional neural networks. Not only is this method extremely easy to implement, but we also demonstrate that it can be used in conjunction with existing forms of data augmentation and other regularizers to further improve model performance. We evaluate this method by applying it to current state-of-the-art architectures on the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN datasets, yielding new state-of-the-art results of 2.56%, 15.20%, and 1.30% test error respectively. Code is available at https://github.com/uoguelph-mlrg/Cutout

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Code

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uoguelph-mlrg/Cutout officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorch report
LMaxence/Cifar10_Classification mentioned on GitHubpytorchnot reachable when probed 2026-09-18 — repositories for recent papers often appear after camera-ready report
PsorTheDoctor/microarray-data mentioned on GitHubtf report
Ximilar-com/tf-image mentioned on GitHubtf report
YaCpotato/deepaugmentFix mentioned on GitHubMIT report
abcp4/DAPytorch mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
barisozmen/deepaugment mentioned on GitHub report
changewOw/Cutout-numpy mentioned on GitHub report
dishen12/Cuout_modify mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
eaguaida/TF_EnsNet- mentioned on GitHubtf report
felixgwu/img_classification_pk_pytorch mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
khanrc/pt.fractalnet mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
kschwethelm/hyperboliccv mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
lewis-morris/image_augment mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
lnstadrum/fastaugment mentioned on GitHubtf report
lyxxn0414/test-data-generation mentioned on GitHubtf report
mingsun-tse/good-da-in-kd mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
namakemono/kaggle-alaska2-image-steganalysis mentioned on GitHubpytorchnot reachable when probed 2026-09-17 — repositories for recent papers often appear after camera-ready report
sour4bh/cifar-10 mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
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Augmentation lewis-morris/image_augment/ImageAugment/basic_augmentation.py community (archive-listed) ran GPL-3.0 (copyleft) · pointer only · 65b19ebc3c066d46 · report
Cutout sour4bh/cifar-10/cutout.py community (archive-listed) ran fingerprinted no licence file found · pointer only · 9712ea58142deac2 · report
Cutout changewOw/Cutout-numpy/cutout.py community (archive-listed) ran no licence file found · pointer only · e4f60cb273f96e43 · report
_bboxes_to_absolute Ximilar-com/tf-image/tf_image/core/erase.py community (archive-listed) ran · honoured contract fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · c19f6a181aae4d15 · report
_bboxes_to_relative Ximilar-com/tf-image/tf_image/core/erase.py community (archive-listed) ran · violated contract fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · 909fa545052a99f8 · report
_random_erasing Ximilar-com/tf-image/tf_image/core/erase.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · 8a71fb8f5184a010 · report
apply_inpainting albumentations-team/albumentations/albumentations/augmentations/dropout/functional.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it MIT (permissive) · 6ffc19e585a6e93e · report
apply_policy barisozmen/deepaugment/src/deepaugment/transforms.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it MIT (permissive) · 725a089326cde6b7 · report
clamp barisozmen/deepaugment/src/deepaugment/transforms.py community (archive-listed) ran · violated contract fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · 77de6eeb25f3b2cc · report
convert_type Ximilar-com/tf-image/tf_image/core/erase.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong MIT (permissive) · c632411042c122ec · report
create_cutout_mask YaCpotato/B4ResearchDeepaugment/deepaugment/lib/cutout.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong MIT (permissive) · 9b004be093898ee9 · report
cutout PsorTheDoctor/microarray-data/utils/augmentation.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong fingerprinted no licence file found · pointer only · 4a5f5e6272b139bf · report
cutout albumentations-team/albumentations/albumentations/augmentations/dropout/functional.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it MIT (permissive) · d912ce51776a4d78 · report
cutout_numpy YaCpotato/B4ResearchDeepaugment/deepaugment/lib/cutout.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · b09aaca166fba057 · report
fill_holes_with_random albumentations-team/albumentations/albumentations/augmentations/dropout/functional.py community (archive-listed) ran MIT (permissive) · 8e25588616aec646 · report
fill_holes_with_value albumentations-team/albumentations/albumentations/augmentations/dropout/functional.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it MIT (permissive) · 108e7feedea6f696 · report
generate_random_fill albumentations-team/albumentations/albumentations/augmentations/dropout/functional.py community (archive-listed) ran · fixture could not drive it MIT (permissive) · 2e63069222acc030 · report
listify lnstadrum/fastaugment/tensorflow/fast_augment.py community (archive-listed) ran · honoured contract fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · f66d6a0103a637b1 · report
make_transform barisozmen/deepaugment/src/deepaugment/transforms.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong MIT (permissive) · a88a0ebd4d7051a8 · report
numpy_to_pil barisozmen/deepaugment/src/deepaugment/transforms.py community (archive-listed) ran · honoured contract MIT (permissive) · 138b15df97d8f22d · report
pil_to_numpy barisozmen/deepaugment/src/deepaugment/transforms.py community (archive-listed) ran · violated contract MIT (permissive) · 88618f34ed54e2bc · report
augment lnstadrum/fastaugment/tensorflow/fast_augment.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 57014965cf3804dc · report
cutout mingsun-tse/good-da-in-kd/helper/loops.py community (archive-listed) unverified no licence file found · pointer only · 0972fd225cc9b653 · report
random_erasing Ximilar-com/tf-image/tf_image/core/erase.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 53b07796c4e8aaae · report

Tasks

Data AugmentationDomain GeneralizationImage AugmentationImage ClassificationOut-of-Distribution GeneralizationSemi-Supervised Image Classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Domain Generalization ImageNet-A Cutout (ResNet-50) Top-1 accuracy % 4.4 #36 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification STL-10 Cutout Percentage correct 87.26 #46 of 117 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification SVHN Cutout Percentage error 1.30 #6 of 62 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification STL-10 CutOut Accuracy 87.26 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Introduced by this paper: Cutout

1x1 ConvolutionAverage PoolingBatch NormalizationBottleneck Residual BlockConvolutionCutoutGlobal Average PoolingKaiming InitializationMax PoolingReLUResidual BlockResidual Connection

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