Multiple Instance Learning

Description from the archive archive 2025-07-28.

Benchmarks archive 2025-07-28

5 leaderboard tables shown for this task, 5 with rows (a “benchmark” on this site is a table with at least one row, as on /sota), ordered by row count. “Best model” is the first row in the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing is re-ranked here and metric direction is not recorded in the archive. PwC's Trend sparklines are not in the archive, so that column is omitted.

Syntology column: samples harvested from the paper's repositories and executed on synthesized fixtures; “ran” is not a correctness claim and does not order the table. A dash means no Syntology record for that paper, not a recorded non-run. Read from the graph 2026-09-24.

Libraries

Not in the archive: the export carries no per-task library table, so there is nothing to show at snapshot 2025-07-28.

Datasets archive 2025-07-28

13 datasets whose archive record lists this task, ordered by the archive's paper count.

Subtasks archive 2025-07-28

No subtask under this task in the archive's task tree.

Most implemented papers archive 2025-07-28

30 shown of 322 papers with code (744 tagged with this task in all), ordered by repositories listed in the archive, not by stars (the archive holds no stars, so PwC's “Social” and “Latest” sorts cannot be reproduced). Papers without a page here are shown as plain text.

• Attention-based Deep Multiple Instance Learning
  13 Feb 2018 17 repositories listed Syntology ran 5 of 5 samples · 0 unverified · 5 pointer-only (licence)
  Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a variation of supervised learning where a single class label is assigned to a bag of instances.
• Set Transformer: A Framework for Attention-based Permutation-Invariant Neural Networks
  1 Oct 2018 9 repositories listed Syntology ran 5 of 9 samples · 4 unverified · 4 pointer-only (licence)
  Many machine learning tasks such as multiple instance learning, 3D shape recognition, and few-shot image classification are defined on sets of instances.
• Real-world Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videos
  12 Jan 2018 9 repositories listed Syntology ran 4 of 6 samples · 2 unverified · 4 pointer-only (licence)
  To avoid annotating the anomalous segments or clips in training videos, which is very time consuming, we propose to learn anomaly through the deep multiple instance ranking framework by leveraging weakly labeled…
• FALFormer: Feature-aware Landmarks self-attention for Whole-slide Image Classification
  10 Jul 2024 5 repositories listed
  Herein, we propose an efficient and effective slide-level classification model, named as FALFormer, that can process a WSI as a whole so as to fully exploit the relationship among the entire patches and to improve the…
• PCL: Proposal Cluster Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Detection
  9 Jul 2018 4 repositories listed Syntology ran 1 of 7 samples · 6 unverified
  The iterative instance classifier refinement is implemented online using multiple streams in convolutional neural networks, where the first is an MIL network and the others are for instance classifier refinement…
• Multiple Instance Detection Network with Online Instance Classifier Refinement
  1 Apr 2017 4 repositories listed
  We propose a novel online instance classifier refinement algorithm to integrate MIL and the instance classifier refinement procedure into a single deep network, and train the network end-to-end with only image-level…
• AEM: Attention Entropy Maximization for Multiple Instance Learning based Whole Slide Image Classification
  18 Jun 2024 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 8 of 12 samples · 4 unverified · 12 pointer-only (licence)
  While existing methods to alleviate this issue introduce complex modules or processing steps, such as multiple-stage training and teacher-student distillation, this paper proposes a simple yet effective regularization:…
• TimeMIL: Advancing Multivariate Time Series Classification via a Time-aware Multiple Instance Learning
  6 May 2024 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 6 of 12 samples · 6 unverified · 1 pointer-only (licence)
  Deep neural networks, including transformers and convolutional neural networks, have significantly improved multivariate time series classification (MTSC).
• Point-to-Box Network for Accurate Object Detection via Single Point Supervision
  14 Jul 2022 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 3 of 3 samples · 0 unverified
  However, the performance gap between point supervised object detection (PSOD) and bounding box supervised detection remains large.
• TransMIL: Transformer based Correlated Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Image Classification
  2 Jun 2021 3 repositories listed
  Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a powerful tool to solve the weakly supervised classification in whole slide image (WSI) based pathology diagnosis.
• Weakly-supervised Video Anomaly Detection with Robust Temporal Feature Magnitude Learning
  25 Jan 2021 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 4 of 5 samples · 1 unverified · 5 pointer-only (licence)
  To address this issue, we introduce a novel and theoretically sound method, named Robust Temporal Feature Magnitude learning (RTFM), which trains a feature magnitude learning function to effectively recognise the…
• Hopfield Networks is All You Need
  16 Jul 2020 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 0 of 9 samples · 9 unverified
  The new update rule is equivalent to the attention mechanism used in transformers.
• Multiple Anchor Learning for Visual Object Detection
  4 Dec 2019 3 repositories listed Syntology ran 1 of 10 samples · 9 unverified
  In this paper, we propose a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) approach that selects anchors and jointly optimizes the two modules of a CNN-based object detector.
• CAMEL: A Weakly Supervised Learning Framework for Histopathology Image Segmentation
  28 Aug 2019 3 repositories listed
  In this research, we propose CAMEL, a weakly supervised learning framework for histopathology image segmentation using only image-level labels.
• Multiple Instance Choquet Integral Classifier Fusion and Regression for Remote Sensing Applications
  11 Mar 2018 3 repositories listed
  In classifier (or regression) fusion the aim is to combine the outputs of several algorithms to boost overall performance.
• Using Neural Network Formalism to Solve Multiple-Instance Problems
  23 Sep 2016 3 repositories listed
  Many objects in the real world are difficult to describe by a single numerical vector of a fixed length, whereas describing them by a set of vectors is more natural.
• Revisiting End-to-End Learning with Slide-level Supervision in Computational Pathology
  3 Jun 2025 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 6 of 9 samples · 3 unverified · 9 pointer-only (licence)
  In this paper, we pioneer the elucidation of optimization challenge caused by sparse-attention MIL and propose a novel MIL called ABMILX.
• xMIL: Insightful Explanations for Multiple Instance Learning in Histopathology
  6 Jun 2024 2 repositories listed
  In histopathology, MIL models have achieved remarkable success in tasks like tumor detection, biomarker prediction, and outcome prognostication.
• Morphological Prototyping for Unsupervised Slide Representation Learning in Computational Pathology
  19 May 2024 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 5 of 9 samples · 4 unverified · 9 pointer-only (licence)
  Representation learning of pathology whole-slide images (WSIs) has been has primarily relied on weak supervision with Multiple Instance Learning (MIL).
• MambaMIL: Enhancing Long Sequence Modeling with Sequence Reordering in Computational Pathology
  11 Mar 2024 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 4 of 6 samples · 2 unverified · 6 pointer-only (licence)
  Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has emerged as a dominant paradigm to extract discriminative feature representations within Whole Slide Images (WSIs) in computational pathology.
• Feature Re-Embedding: Towards Foundation Model-Level Performance in Computational Pathology
  27 Feb 2024 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 13 of 24 samples · 11 unverified · 24 pointer-only (licence)
  Unlike existing works that focus on pre-training powerful feature extractor or designing sophisticated instance aggregator, R²T is tailored to re-embed instance features online.
• Shapley Values-enabled Progressive Pseudo Bag Augmentation for Whole Slide Image Classification
  9 Dec 2023 2 repositories listed
  While most of the conventional MIL methods use attention scores to estimate instance importance scores (IIS) which contribute to the prediction of the slide labels, these often lead to skewed attention distributions and…
• Rethinking Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Image Classification: A Bag-Level Classifier is a Good Instance-Level Teacher
  2 Dec 2023 2 repositories listed
  Based on this idea, we design Iteratively Coupled Multiple Instance Learning (ICMIL) to couple the embedder and the bag classifier at a low cost.
• CLIP-TSA: CLIP-Assisted Temporal Self-Attention for Weakly-Supervised Video Anomaly Detection
  9 Dec 2022 2 repositories listed
  Video anomaly detection (VAD) -- commonly formulated as a multiple-instance learning problem in a weakly-supervised manner due to its labor-intensive nature -- is a challenging problem in video surveillance where the…
• Multiple Instance Learning via Iterative Self-Paced Supervised Contrastive Learning
  17 Oct 2022 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 0 of 5 samples · 5 unverified
  The framework employs a novel self-paced sampling strategy to ensure the accuracy of pseudo labels.
• ReMix: A General and Efficient Framework for Multiple Instance Learning based Whole Slide Image Classification
  5 Jul 2022 2 repositories listed
  We evaluate ReMix on two public datasets with two state-of-the-art MIL methods.
• Weakly-Supervised Temporal Action Localization by Progressive Complementary Learning
  22 Jun 2022 2 repositories listed
  Accordingly, we first exclude these surely non-existent categories by a complementary learning loss.
• DTFD-MIL: Double-Tier Feature Distillation Multiple Instance Learning for Histopathology Whole Slide Image Classification
  22 Mar 2022 2 repositories listed Syntology ran 2 of 6 samples · 4 unverified · 3 pointer-only (licence)
  Multiple instance learning (MIL) has been increasingly used in the classification of histopathology whole slide images (WSIs).
• Object Localization under Single Coarse Point Supervision
  17 Mar 2022 2 repositories listed
  In this study, we propose a POL method using coarse point annotations, relaxing the supervision signals from accurate key points to freely spotted points.
• Explainable multiple abnormality classification of chest CT volumes
  24 Nov 2021 2 repositories listed
  We introduce the challenging new task of explainable multiple abnormality classification in volumetric medical images, in which a model must indicate the regions used to predict each abnormality.

Syntology lines on 16 of the papers shown; no Syntology record for the others (a paper without an arXiv id cannot be joined to the graph, and absence from the graph layer is not a recorded non-run). “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized fixture, not that the paper's result was reproduced. Read from the graph 2026-09-24.