Papers › LXL: LiDAR Excluded Lean 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radar and Camera Fusion

LXL: LiDAR Excluded Lean 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radar and Camera Fusion

3 Jul 2023arXiv:2307.00724archive 2025-07-28

Weiyi Xiong, Jianan Liu, Tao Huang, Qing-Long Han, Yuxuan Xia, Bing Zhu

As an emerging technology and a relatively affordable device, the 4D imaging radar has already been confirmed effective in performing 3D object detection in autonomous driving. Nevertheless, the sparsity and noisiness of 4D radar point clouds hinder further performance improvement, and in-depth studies about its fusion with other modalities are lacking. On the other hand, as a new image view transformation strategy, "sampling" has been applied in a few image-based detectors and shown to outperform the widely applied "depth-based splatting" proposed in Lift-Splat-Shoot (LSS), even without image depth prediction. However, the potential of "sampling" is not fully unleashed. This paper investigates the "sampling" view transformation strategy on the camera and 4D imaging radar fusion-based 3D object detection. LiDAR Excluded Lean (LXL) model, predicted image depth distribution maps and radar 3D occupancy grids are generated from image perspective view (PV) features and radar bird's eye view (BEV) features, respectively. They are sent to the core of LXL, called "radar occupancy-assisted depth-based sampling", to aid image view transformation. We demonstrated that more accurate view transformation can be performed by introducing image depths and radar information to enhance the "sampling" strategy. Experiments on VoD and TJ4DRadSet datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art 3D object detection methods by a significant margin without bells and whistles. Ablation studies demonstrate that our method performs the best among different enhancement settings.

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Tasks

3D Object Detection3D Object Detection (RoI)Autonomous DrivingDepth EstimationDepth PredictionObject Detectionobject-detection

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
3D Object Detection View-of-Delft (val) LXL mAP 56.31 #3 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
3D Object Detection View-of-Delft (val) BEVFusion R mAP 49.3 #8 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
3D Object Detection View-of-Delft (val) FUTR3D R mAP 49.0 #9 of 11 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

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