Cityscapes

Papers archive 2025-07-28

papers with a benchmark row: 298 · with a code link: 267 · where Syntology ran a sample: 127 (118 with a run with no instrument failure, 9 where every run was a failure of Syntology's instrument) Syntology

Show: all papers with a benchmark rowonly where code ran (127 of 298 with a benchmark row: 118 with a run with no instrument failure, 9 where every run was a failure of Syntology's instrument)

Page 3 of 3: papers 201 to 298 of 298 with a leaderboard row on this dataset's benchmarks, newest first by the archive's date (ties by slug; undated papers last).

The archive's own "papers using this dataset" list was never published, so this is the benchmark-backed subset, not that list; the archive's count for this dataset is 3,702. The Syntology column is from Syntology's graph, stated per sample; it is not part of any archive number. A line reads “N ran (of which C constructed an object rather than computing a result; K with no instrument failure: H honoured, V violated, P with no contract checked; I where Syntology's instrument failed) · U unverified” (C is a part of N, never taken away from it); the figure “where Syntology's instrument failed” counts failures of Syntology's instrument, not of the code. “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized fixture, not that the paper's result was reproduced. When the archive marks a repository official for the paper, the cell starts with that repository's state (the archive's flag, not a verdict on who wrote the code; “community repositories only” when every sample that ran came from a community repository, “official: no sample here; runs from other or unrecorded repositories” when some came from a repository the paper names or has in its text, or from none recorded); hover it for the repositories the samples that ran came from. Syntology's record for this page has not changed since 2026-09-28, the first build that kept a record date for it; when this build read Syntology's graph is in the build record.

Paper	Code	Results	Date	Samples run Syntology
Semantic Correlation Promoted Shape-Variant Context for Segmentation	1	1	5 Sep 2019	not harvested
HarDNet: A Low Memory Traffic Network	24	1	3 Sep 2019	not harvested
Boundary-Aware Feature Propagation for Scene Segmentation	1	1	31 Aug 2019	official (archive's flag): 6 ran · 6 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 5 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 5 with no contract checked; 1 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 5 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
Asymmetric Non-local Neural Networks for Semantic Segmentation	5	1	21 Aug 2019	official (archive's flag): 2 ran · 2 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 2 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 2 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 1 unverified
Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Visual Recognition	42	3	20 Aug 2019	21 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 19 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 1 violated, 18 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 13 unverified (21 pointer-only for licence)
Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with High- and Low-level Consistency	1	4	15 Aug 2019	official (archive's flag): 1 ran · 4 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 2 with no instrument failure: 2 honoured, 0 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (4 pointer-only for licence)
SqueezeNAS: Fast neural architecture search for faster semantic segmentation	1	5	5 Aug 2019	5 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 5 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 5 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified
Exploring Semantic Segmentation on the DCT Representation	0	1	23 Jul 2019	not harvested
Benchmarking Robustness in Object Detection: Autonomous Driving when Winter is Coming	4	3	17 Jul 2019	official (archive's flag): 5 ran · 5 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 4 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 3 with no contract checked; 1 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified
Gated-SCNN: Gated Shape CNNs for Semantic Segmentation	4	3	12 Jul 2019	not harvested
Instance Segmentation by Jointly Optimizing Spatial Embeddings and Clustering Bandwidth	4	2	26 Jun 2019	community repositories only · 2 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 2 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 2 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (2 pointer-only for licence)
Learning Data Augmentation Strategies for Object Detection	6	1	26 Jun 2019	community repositories only · 3 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 1 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (3 pointer-only for licence)
ESNet: An Efficient Symmetric Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentation	2	2	24 Jun 2019	not harvested
DiCENet: Dimension-wise Convolutions for Efficient Networks	2	1	8 Jun 2019	official (archive's flag): 1 ran · 1 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 1 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified
Semi-supervised semantic segmentation needs strong, varied perturbations	5	3	5 Jun 2019	official (archive's flag): 1 ran · 1 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 1 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 2 unverified
LEDNet: A Lightweight Encoder-Decoder Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation	6	2	7 May 2019	not harvested
Searching for MobileNetV3	67	1	6 May 2019	86 ran (of which 22 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 75 with no instrument failure: 6 honoured, 2 violated, 67 with no contract checked; 11 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 19 unverified (46 pointer-only for licence)
Improved Conditional VRNNs for Video Prediction	1	1	27 Apr 2019	not harvested
High-Resolution Representations for Labeling Pixels and Regions	39	1	9 Apr 2019	official: harvested, nothing ran · 14 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 11 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 11 with no contract checked; 3 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 4 unverified (11 pointer-only for licence)
Template-Based Automatic Search of Compact Semantic Segmentation Architectures	1	6	4 Apr 2019	not harvested
DFANet: Deep Feature Aggregation for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation	2	1	3 Apr 2019	1 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 0 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 1 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
GFF: Gated Fully Fusion for Semantic Segmentation	2	1	3 Apr 2019	not harvested
In Defense of Pre-trained ImageNet Architectures for Real-time Semantic Segmentation of Road-driving Images	6	2	20 Mar 2019	not harvested
Semantic Image Synthesis with Spatially-Adaptive Normalization	24	1	18 Mar 2019	community repositories only · 9 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 6 with no instrument failure: 2 honoured, 0 violated, 4 with no contract checked; 3 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (2 pointer-only for licence)
DeeperLab: Single-Shot Image Parser	0	1	13 Feb 2019	not harvested
Fast-SCNN: Fast Semantic Segmentation Network	24	2	12 Feb 2019	21 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 21 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 21 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 11 unverified
UPSNet: A Unified Panoptic Segmentation Network	1	3	12 Jan 2019	official (archive's flag): 3 ran · 3 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (3 pointer-only for licence)
Auto-DeepLab: Hierarchical Neural Architecture Search for Semantic Image Segmentation	12	2	10 Jan 2019	community repositories only · 4 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 3 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 3 with no contract checked; 1 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
Panoptic Feature Pyramid Networks	12	1	8 Jan 2019	community repositories only · 11 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 4 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 4 with no contract checked; 7 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 1 unverified (2 pointer-only for licence)
Attention-guided Unified Network for Panoptic Segmentation	0	1	10 Dec 2018	not harvested
Learning to Fuse Things and Stuff	0	2	4 Dec 2018	not harvested
CCNet: Criss-Cross Attention for Semantic Segmentation	4	1	28 Nov 2018	official (archive's flag): 8 ran · 13 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 7 with no instrument failure: 2 honoured, 1 violated, 4 with no contract checked; 6 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 1 unverified (3 pointer-only for licence)
ESPNetv2: A Light-weight, Power Efficient, and General Purpose Convolutional Neural Network	10	1	28 Nov 2018	community repositories only · 4 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 2 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 2 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified
ShelfNet for Fast Semantic Segmentation	6	2	27 Nov 2018	not harvested
Multi-Task Learning as Multi-Objective Optimization	7	1	10 Oct 2018	official (archive's flag): 10 ran · 17 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 15 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 15 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 2 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
Incorporating Luminance, Depth and Color Information by a Fusion-based Network for Semantic Segmentation	1	4	24 Sep 2018	not harvested
Efficient Dense Modules of Asymmetric Convolution for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation	4	2	17 Sep 2018	not harvested
Searching for Efficient Multi-Scale Architectures for Dense Image Prediction	1	1	11 Sep 2018	not harvested
Dual Attention Network for Scene Segmentation	12	1	9 Sep 2018	official (archive's flag): 5 ran · 5 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 5 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 5 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 2 unverified (5 pointer-only for licence)
OCNet: Object Context Network for Scene Parsing	8	1	4 Sep 2018	not harvested
PSANet: Point-wise Spatial Attention Network for Scene Parsing	4	1	1 Sep 2018	not harvested
Self-Supervised Model Adaptation for Multimodal Semantic Segmentation	1	2	11 Aug 2018	not harvested
Weakly- and Semi-Supervised Panoptic Segmentation	1	1	10 Aug 2018	not harvested
BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentation	21	4	2 Aug 2018	14 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 9 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 9 with no contract checked; 5 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 4 unverified (3 pointer-only for licence)
UNet++: A Nested U-Net Architecture for Medical Image Segmentation	34	1	18 Jul 2018	community repositories only · 21 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 18 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 1 violated, 16 with no contract checked; 3 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 7 unverified (3 pointer-only for licence)
Deep Clustering for Unsupervised Learning of Visual Features	9	1	15 Jul 2018	community repositories only · 5 ran (of which 2 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 3 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 3 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 2 unverified (4 pointer-only for licence)
DenseASPP for Semantic Segmentation in Street Scenes	1	1	1 Jun 2018	not harvested
ContextNet: Exploring Context and Detail for Semantic Segmentation in Real-time	2	1	11 May 2018	not harvested
Semi-parametric Image Synthesis	1	1	29 Apr 2018	not harvested
Learning a Discriminative Feature Network for Semantic Segmentation	3	2	25 Apr 2018	3 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 3 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 3 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 5 unverified
YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvement	311	1	8 Apr 2018	94 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 83 with no instrument failure: 4 honoured, 2 violated, 77 with no contract checked; 11 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 30 unverified (24 pointer-only for licence)
Low-Latency Video Semantic Segmentation	0	1	2 Apr 2018	not harvested
Adaptive Affinity Fields for Semantic Segmentation	1	1	27 Mar 2018	1 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
ESPNet: Efficient Spatial Pyramid of Dilated Convolutions for Semantic Segmentation	8	1	19 Mar 2018	official: harvested, nothing ran · 9 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 7 with no instrument failure: 2 honoured, 0 violated, 5 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 1 unverified
Dynamic-structured Semantic Propagation Network	0	1	16 Mar 2018	not harvested
Adversarial Learning for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation	13	3	22 Feb 2018	official (archive's flag): 1 ran · 1 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
Stochastic Video Generation with a Learned Prior	3	1	21 Feb 2018	official (archive's flag): 1 ran · 1 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 0 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 1 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 1 unverified (2 pointer-only for licence)
Encoder-Decoder with Atrous Separable Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentation	78	1	7 Feb 2018	community repositories only · 44 ran (of which 17 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 28 with no instrument failure: 2 honoured, 0 violated, 26 with no contract checked; 16 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 28 unverified (40 pointer-only for licence)
Panoptic Segmentation	9	1	3 Jan 2018	not harvested
High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANs	21	1	30 Nov 2017	official: no sample here; runs from other or unrecorded repositories · 4 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 2 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 2 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 1 unverified (3 pointer-only for licence)
ERFNet: Efficient Residual Factorized ConvNet for Real-time Semantic Segmentation	13	2	9 Oct 2017	not harvested
Random Erasing Data Augmentation	18	1	16 Aug 2017	not harvested
Semantic Instance Segmentation with a Discriminative Loss Function	8	1	8 Aug 2017	0 ran · 2 unverified (2 pointer-only for licence)
Photographic Image Synthesis with Cascaded Refinement Networks	0	1	28 Jul 2017	not harvested
Rethinking Atrous Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentation	77	2	17 Jun 2017	3 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 2 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 1 with no contract checked; 1 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 4 unverified (3 pointer-only for licence)
CASENet: Deep Category-Aware Semantic Edge Detection	11	1	27 May 2017	3 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 1 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 4 unverified (4 pointer-only for licence)
The Lovász-Softmax loss: A tractable surrogate for the optimization of the intersection-over-union measure in neural networks	4	2	24 May 2017	not harvested
Recurrent Scene Parsing with Perspective Understanding in the Loop	1	1	20 May 2017	not harvested
ICNet for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation on High-Resolution Images	18	2	27 Apr 2017	not harvested
Pixelwise Instance Segmentation with a Dynamically Instantiated Network	1	2	7 Apr 2017	not harvested
Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks	190	2	30 Mar 2017	community repositories only · 14 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 9 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 8 with no contract checked; 5 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 17 unverified (6 pointer-only for licence)
Mask R-CNN	179	1	20 Mar 2017	101 ran (of which 3 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 90 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 90 with no contract checked; 11 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 39 unverified (32 pointer-only for licence)
Understanding Convolution for Semantic Segmentation	5	1	27 Feb 2017	official (archive's flag): 1 ran · 1 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 1 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
Video Frame Synthesis using Deep Voxel Flow	3	1	8 Feb 2017	1 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
Semantic Video Segmentation by Gated Recurrent Flow Propagation	0	1	28 Dec 2016	not harvested
Learning from Simulated and Unsupervised Images through Adversarial Training	9	2	22 Dec 2016	6 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 5 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 1 violated, 4 with no contract checked; 1 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 2 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
Pyramid Scene Parsing Network	67	5	4 Dec 2016	community repositories only · 21 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 14 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 14 with no contract checked; 7 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 8 unverified (5 pointer-only for licence)
Wider or Deeper: Revisiting the ResNet Model for Visual Recognition	3	1	30 Nov 2016	official: harvested, nothing ran · 0 ran · 2 unverified (2 pointer-only for licence)
Deep Watershed Transform for Instance Segmentation	2	1	24 Nov 2016	1 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 1 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 7 unverified
Full-Resolution Residual Networks for Semantic Segmentation in Street Scenes	4	2	24 Nov 2016	official: no sample here; runs from other or unrecorded repositories · 3 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 0 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 3 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (3 pointer-only for licence)
Deep Feature Flow for Video Recognition	3	1	23 Nov 2016	official (archive's flag): 1 ran · 1 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 1 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks	192	2	21 Nov 2016	74 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 68 with no instrument failure: 4 honoured, 4 violated, 60 with no contract checked; 6 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 48 unverified (10 pointer-only for licence)
RefineNet: Multi-Path Refinement Networks for High-Resolution Semantic Segmentation	13	1	20 Nov 2016	community repositories only · 6 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 6 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 5 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 1 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
Coupled Generative Adversarial Networks	4	2	24 Jun 2016	community repositories only · 5 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 5 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 5 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified
ENet: A Deep Neural Network Architecture for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation	49	2	7 Jun 2016	26 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 22 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 0 violated, 22 with no contract checked; 4 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 4 unverified (2 pointer-only for licence)
Adversarially Learned Inference	9	2	2 Jun 2016	official (archive's flag): 1 ran · 3 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 2 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 1 with no contract checked; 1 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 1 unverified (2 pointer-only for licence)
DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFs	47	1	2 Jun 2016	43 ran (of which 12 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 39 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 38 with no contract checked; 4 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 20 unverified (18 pointer-only for licence)
Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation	37	2	20 May 2016	not harvested
Laplacian Pyramid Reconstruction and Refinement for Semantic Segmentation	1	1	8 May 2016	not harvested
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition	484	1	10 Dec 2015	official: no sample here; runs from other or unrecorded repositories · 254 ran (of which 108 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 166 with no instrument failure: 3 honoured, 1 violated, 162 with no contract checked; 88 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 123 unverified (193 pointer-only for licence)
Multi-Scale Context Aggregation by Dilated Convolutions	9	1	23 Nov 2015	official (archive's flag): 1 ran · 6 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 5 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 4 with no contract checked; 1 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 2 unverified (2 pointer-only for licence)
SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Image Segmentation	74	1	2 Nov 2015	22 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 14 with no instrument failure: 1 honoured, 0 violated, 13 with no contract checked; 8 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 22 unverified (11 pointer-only for licence)
Semantic Image Segmentation via Deep Parsing Network	1	1	9 Sep 2015	not harvested
Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks	196	1	4 Jun 2015	community repositories only · 79 ran (of which 9 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 50 with no instrument failure: 15 honoured, 5 violated, 30 with no contract checked; 29 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 45 unverified (44 pointer-only for licence)
Efficient piecewise training of deep structured models for semantic segmentation	0	1	4 Apr 2015	not harvested
Conditional Random Fields as Recurrent Neural Networks	6	1	11 Feb 2015	official (archive's flag): 1 ran · 7 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 7 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 1 violated, 6 with no contract checked; 0 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 1 unverified (2 pointer-only for licence)
Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets and Fully Connected CRFs	18	2	22 Dec 2014	official: not harvested · 0 ran · 1 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)
In defence of metric learning for speaker recognition	4	1		official (archive's flag): 2 ran · 3 ran (of which 0 constructed an object rather than computing a result; 1 with no instrument failure: 0 honoured, 1 violated, 0 with no contract checked; 2 where Syntology's instrument failed) · 0 unverified (1 pointer-only for licence)