Probing Language Models

Benchmarks archive 2025-07-28

1 leaderboard table shown for this task, 1 with rows (a “benchmark” on this site is a table with at least one row, as on /sota), ordered by row count. “Best model” is the first row in the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing is re-ranked here and metric direction is not recorded in the archive. PwC's Trend sparklines are not in the archive, so that column is omitted.

Syntology column: samples harvested from the paper's repositories and executed on synthesized fixtures; “ran” is not a correctness claim and does not order the table. A dash means no Syntology record for that paper, not a recorded non-run. Read from the graph 2026-09-24.

Libraries

Not in the archive: the export carries no per-task library table, so there is nothing to show at snapshot 2025-07-28.

Datasets archive 2025-07-28

3 datasets whose archive record lists this task, ordered by the archive's paper count.

Subtasks archive 2025-07-28

No subtask under this task in the archive's task tree.

Most implemented papers archive 2025-07-28

11 shown of 11 papers with code (20 tagged with this task in all), ordered by repositories listed in the archive, not by stars (the archive holds no stars, so PwC's “Social” and “Latest” sorts cannot be reproduced). Papers without a page here are shown as plain text.

• Universal and Independent: Multilingual Probing Framework for Exhaustive Model Interpretation and Evaluation
  24 Oct 2022 2 repositories listed
  Thus we propose a toolkit to systematize the multilingual flaws in multilingual models, providing a reproducible experimental setup for 104 languages and 80 morphosyntactic features.
• Probing Language Models on Their Knowledge Source
  8 Oct 2024 1 repository listed
  We evaluate this framework on various LLMs of different sizes and demonstrate that mid-layer activations, particularly those related to relations in the input, are crucial in predicting knowledge source selection,…
• Probing Language Models for Pre-training Data Detection
  3 Jun 2024 1 repository listed Syntology ran 0 of 1 samples · 1 unverified · 1 pointer-only (licence)
  Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown their impressive capabilities, while also raising concerns about the data contamination problems due to privacy issues and leakage of benchmark datasets in the pre-training phase.
• Unveiling LLMs: The Evolution of Latent Representations in a Dynamic Knowledge Graph
  4 Apr 2024 1 repository listed Syntology ran 5 of 5 samples · 0 unverified · 5 pointer-only (licence)
  We propose an end-to-end framework to decode factual knowledge embedded in token representations from a vector space to a set of ground predicates, showing its layer-wise evolution using a dynamic knowledge graph.
• Probing Representations for Document-level Event Extraction
  23 Oct 2023 1 repository listed
  This work is the first to apply the probing paradigm to representations learned for document-level information extraction (IE).
• KAMEL : Knowledge Analysis with Multitoken Entities in Language Models
  1 Nov 2022 1 repository listed
  Instead of performing the evaluation on masked language models, we present results for a variety of recent causal LMs in a few-shot setting.
• Discontinuous Constituency and BERT: A Case Study of Dutch
  2 Mar 2022 1 repository listed
  In this paper, we set out to quantify the syntactic capacity of BERT in the evaluation regime of non-context free patterns, as occurring in Dutch.
• The neural architecture of language: Integrative modeling converges on predictive processing
  4 Nov 2021 1 repository listed
  The neuroscience of perception has recently been revolutionized with an integrative modeling approach in which computation, brain function, and behavior are linked across many datasets and many computational models.
• Probing Language Models for Understanding of Temporal Expressions
  3 Oct 2021 1 repository listed Syntology ran 2 of 3 samples · 1 unverified
  We present three Natural Language Inference (NLI) challenge sets that can evaluate NLI models on their understanding of temporal expressions.
• Probing Toxic Content in Large Pre-Trained Language Models
  1 Aug 2021 1 repository listed
  Large pre-trained language models (PTLMs) have been shown to carry biases towards different social groups which leads to the reproduction of stereotypical and toxic content by major NLP systems.
• Quantifying Gender Bias Towards Politicians in Cross-Lingual Language Models
  15 Apr 2021 1 repository listed
  Recent research has demonstrated that large pre-trained language models reflect societal biases expressed in natural language.

Syntology lines on 3 of the papers shown; no Syntology record for the others (a paper without an arXiv id cannot be joined to the graph, and absence from the graph layer is not a recorded non-run). “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized fixture, not that the paper's result was reproduced. Read from the graph 2026-09-24.