Papers › Pre-training strategies and datasets for facial representation learning

Pre-training strategies and datasets for facial representation learning

30 Mar 2021arXiv:2103.16554archive 2025-07-28

Adrian Bulat, Shiyang Cheng, Jing Yang, Andrew Garbett, Enrique Sanchez, Georgios Tzimiropoulos

What is the best way to learn a universal face representation? Recent work on Deep Learning in the area of face analysis has focused on supervised learning for specific tasks of interest (e.g. face recognition, facial landmark localization etc.) but has overlooked the overarching question of how to find a facial representation that can be readily adapted to several facial analysis tasks and datasets. To this end, we make the following 4 contributions: (a) we introduce, for the first time, a comprehensive evaluation benchmark for facial representation learning consisting of 5 important face analysis tasks. (b) We systematically investigate two ways of large-scale representation learning applied to faces: supervised and unsupervised pre-training. Importantly, we focus our evaluations on the case of few-shot facial learning. (c) We investigate important properties of the training datasets including their size and quality (labelled, unlabelled or even uncurated). (d) To draw our conclusions, we conducted a very large number of experiments. Our main two findings are: (1) Unsupervised pre-training on completely in-the-wild, uncurated data provides consistent and, in some cases, significant accuracy improvements for all facial tasks considered. (2) Many existing facial video datasets seem to have a large amount of redundancy. We will release code, and pre-trained models to facilitate future research.

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tomas-gajarsky/facetorch mentioned on GitHubpytorch report

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Tasks

3D Face Reconstruction3D Facial Landmark LocalizationArousal EstimationEmotion RecognitionFace AlignmentFace RecognitionFacial Action Unit DetectionFacial Expression Recognition (FER)Few-Shot LearningRepresentation LearningUnsupervised Pre-trainingValence Estimation

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Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
3D Face Reconstruction AFLW2000-3D VGG-F Mean NME 3.42% #2 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Face Alignment AFLW-19 VGG-F NME_diag (%, Full) 1.55 #10 of 23 Archive leaderboard report
Face Alignment COFW Ours (VGG-F) NME (inter-ocular) 3.32 #10 of 28 Archive leaderboard report
Face Alignment WFW (Extra Data) VGG-F NME (inter-ocular) 4.57 #11 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Facial Expression Recognition (FER) BP4D Ours (VGG-F) ICC 0.719 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Facial Expression Recognition (FER) DISFA Ours (VGG-F) ICC 0.598 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report

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