Papers › End-to-End Model-Free Reinforcement Learning for Urban Driving using Implicit Affordances

End-to-End Model-Free Reinforcement Learning for Urban Driving using Implicit Affordances

25 Nov 2019CVPR 2020 6arXiv:1911.10868archive 2025-07-28

Marin Toromanoff, Emilie Wirbel, Fabien Moutarde

Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims at learning an optimal behavior policy from its own experiments and not rule-based control methods. However, there is no RL algorithm yet capable of handling a task as difficult as urban driving. We present a novel technique, coined implicit affordances, to effectively leverage RL for urban driving thus including lane keeping, pedestrians and vehicles avoidance, and traffic light detection. To our knowledge we are the first to present a successful RL agent handling such a complex task especially regarding the traffic light detection. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of our method by winning the Camera Only track of the CARLA challenge.

PaperPDFConference PDFCodeCode Syntology ran

In Syntology Open this paper in Syntology's Atlas, the map of the papers in Syntology's graph and their citations.

For agents, Syntology's MCP tool lists every function and class Syntology harvested from this paper and whether it ran (how to connect): get_harvested_code_for_paper(arxiv_id="1911.10868")

Code

Syntology Ran 2 of 7 code samples harvested from 1 repository linked to this paper; 5 have no recorded run. Of those that ran: 1 ran · our draft was wrong; 1 ran with no contract checked.

By repository: official repository: 7 samples from 1 repository, 2 ran. The run record, sample by sample. “Ran” means executed on a synthesized input, not that the code is correct or reproduces the paper.

valeoai/LearningByCheating officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

7 samples harvested; 2 ran; 0 honoured the contract we drafted; 5 have no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-24; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.

1ran · our draft was wrong
1ran
5unverified

Licence: 0 of the 7 samples are pointer only, meaning Syntology does not serve that copy's text. This page shows no code text for any sample; each one links to its file in the repository.

Harvested from valeoai/LearningByCheating. “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized input. It does not mean the output is correct, and nothing here reproduces the paper's results. “Honoured” and “violated” refer to a contract Syntology drafted from the code itself; “our draft was wrong” and “fixture could not drive it” are failures of Syntology's instrument, not of the code.

Each sample ends with its code_sha256, Syntology's identity for that exact code. An agent fetches the stored sample with Syntology's MCP tool get_code(code_sha256="…") (how to connect); click an identity to copy that call.

Repository labels, per sample. official repository: The archive marks this repository official for the paper. named in the paper: The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official. community (archive-listed): In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper. found in paper text by Syntology: Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted. community: Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested. Samples from a repository marked official are listed first. Licence labels name the repository's licence as recorded at harvest. “Pointer only” means Syntology does not serve that copy's text, for one of four reasons: no licence file was found; the licence was not identified; the licence is recorded as permissive but that copy's record is not marked cleared; or the licence is outside the permissive list Syntology serves text under (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD and similar). Some licences outside that list permit redistribution, such as WTFPL, and GPL-3.0 under its conditions; they are simply not on the list. Hover a licence label for the reason. File links open the file on GitHub at the default branch, which may have changed since the harvest.

clamp valeoai/LearningByCheating/misc/dynamic_weather.py official repository ran fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · ccc25780948874cb · report
get_actor_display_name valeoai/LearningByCheating/misc/automatic_control.py official repository ran · our draft was wrong MIT (permissive) · c882c504d11f2b36 · report
create_resnet_basic_block valeoai/LearningByCheating/bird_view/models/model_supervised.py official repository unverified MIT (permissive) · ad2b8a18da38cd81 · report
from_file valeoai/LearningByCheating/benchmark/goal_suite.py official repository unverified MIT (permissive) · 663c3ff922453f02 · report
get_collision valeoai/LearningByCheating/misc/find_traffic_violations.py official repository unverified MIT (permissive) · b72f5568cea89800 · report
get_town valeoai/LearningByCheating/misc/find_traffic_violations.py official repository unverified MIT (permissive) · 2b60432345a2845a · report
parse valeoai/LearningByCheating/misc/find_traffic_violations.py official repository unverified MIT (permissive) · c0f945e63447e7a1 · report

Tasks

Autonomous DrivingReinforcement LearningReinforcement Learning (RL)reinforcement-learning

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Autonomous Driving CARLA Leaderboard MaRLn Driving Score 24.98 #14 of 18 Archive leaderboard report
Autonomous Driving CARLA Leaderboard MaRLn Infraction penalty 0.52 #14 of 18 Archive leaderboard report
Autonomous Driving CARLA Leaderboard MaRLn Route Completion 46.97 #14 of 18 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

CARLAEntropy RegularizationPPO

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections