Papers › Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis

Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis

11 May 2021NeurIPS 2021 12arXiv:2105.05233archive 2025-07-28

Prafulla Dhariwal, Alex Nichol

We show that diffusion models can achieve image sample quality superior to the current state-of-the-art generative models. We achieve this on unconditional image synthesis by finding a better architecture through a series of ablations. For conditional image synthesis, we further improve sample quality with classifier guidance: a simple, compute-efficient method for trading off diversity for fidelity using gradients from a classifier. We achieve an FID of 2.97 on ImageNet 128×128, 4.59 on ImageNet 256×256, and 7.72 on ImageNet 512×512, and we match BigGAN-deep even with as few as 25 forward passes per sample, all while maintaining better coverage of the distribution. Finally, we find that classifier guidance combines well with upsampling diffusion models, further improving FID to 3.94 on ImageNet 256×256 and 3.85 on ImageNet 512×512. We release our code at https://github.com/openai/guided-diffusion

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openai/guided-diffusion officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
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Tasks

Conditional Image GenerationDiversityImage Generation

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Conditional Image Generation ImageNet 128x128 ADM-G (classifier_scale=0.5) FID 2.97 #5 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Conditional Image Generation ImageNet 256x256 ADM-G FID 4.59 #3 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Conditional Image Generation ImageNet 256x256 ADM-G Inception score 186.7 #3 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation ImageNet 128x128 ADM-G FID 2.97 #10 of 23 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation ImageNet 256x256 ADM-G, ADM-U FID 3.94 #78 of 94 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation ImageNet 256x256 ADM-G FID 4.59 #86 of 94 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation ImageNet 512x512 ADM-G, ADM-U FID 3.85 #47 of 52 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation ImageNet 512x512 ADM-G, ADM-U Inception score 221.72 #47 of 52 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation ImageNet 512x512 ADM-G FID 7.72 #52 of 52 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation ImageNet 512x512 ADM-G Inception score 172.71 #52 of 52 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation ImageNet 64x64 ADM (dropout) FID 2.07 #18 of 65 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation LSUN Bedroom 256 x 256 ADM (dropout) FID 1.90 #4 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation LSUN Bedroom 256 x 256 ADM (dropout, DINOv2) FD 59.64 #20 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation LSUN Bedroom 256 x 256 ADM (dropout, DINOv2) Precision 0.85 #20 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation LSUN Bedroom 256 x 256 ADM (dropout, DINOv2) Recall 0.75 #20 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation LSUN Cat 256 x 256 ADM (dropout) FID 5.57 #3 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Image Generation LSUN Horse 256 x 256 ADM (dropout) FID 2.57 #3 of 6 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Introduced by this paper: classifier-guidance

AdamBatch NormalizationConvolutionDiffusionResidual Connectionclassifier-guidance

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