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Winograd Schema Challenge Benchmark (Coreference Resolution)
Coreference resolution is the task of clustering mentions in text that refer to the same underlying real world entities.
Example:
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I voted for Obama because he was most aligned with my values", she said.
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"I", "my", and "she" belong to the same cluster and "Obama" and "he" belong to the same cluster.
The archive carries no text for this table; the description above is the archive's text for the task Coreference Resolution. archive 2025-07-28
Over time archive 2025-07-28
The chart needs JavaScript; the table below carries every value.
Direction inferred from the metric name, not from the archive: Accuracy (higher is better). Points are placed at the row's paper date; 82 of 82 rows carry one.
Results archive 2025-07-28
Archive rows end at the archive snapshot, 2025-07-28: no result published after that date is in this table. Rank is the archive's row order at that snapshot; not re-ranked here. Metric values are the archive's strings. Column headers sort the table in your browser; each row keeps its archive rank.
| Paper | Code | Ran Syntology | Report | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PaLM 540B (fine-tuned) | 100 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 30 of 37 ran · 7 unverified | report |
| 2 | Vega v2 6B (KD-based prompt transfer) | 98.6 | – | Paper | – | 2022 | no code linked | report |
| 3 | UL2 20B (fine-tuned) | 98.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 0 of 16 ran · 16 unverified | report |
| 4 | Turing NLR v5 XXL 5.4B (fine-tuned) | 97.3 | – | Paper | – | 2022 | no code linked | report |
| 5 | ST-MoE-32B 269B (fine-tuned) | 96.6 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 5 of 5 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 6 | DeBERTa-1.5B | 95.9 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | 4 of 13 ran · 9 unverified | report |
| 7 | T5-XXL 11B (fine-tuned) | 93.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | 2 of 31 ran · 29 unverified | report |
| 8 | ST-MoE-L 4.1B (fine-tuned) | 93.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 5 of 5 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 9 | RoBERTa-WinoGrande 355M | 90.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 10 | Flan-T5 XXL (zero -shot) | 89.82 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 8 of 17 ran · 9 unverified | report |
| 11 | PaLM 540B (5-shot) | 89.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 30 of 37 ran · 7 unverified | report |
| 12 | PaLM 540B (0-shot) | 89.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 30 of 37 ran · 7 unverified | report |
| 13 | PaLM 2-M (1-shot) | 88.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 14 | PaLM 2-L (1-shot) | 86.9 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 15 | FLAN 137B (prompt-tuned) | 86.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2021 | 0 of 1 ran · 1 unverified | report |
| 16 | PaLM 540B (1-shot) | 86.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 30 of 37 ran · 7 unverified | report |
| 17 | TTTTT 3B (fine-tuned) | 84.6 | – | Paper | – | 2020 | no code linked | report |
| 18 | PaLM 2-S (1-shot) | 84.6 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 19 | RoBERTa-DPR 355M | 83.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 20 | FLAN 137B (zero-shot) | 80.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2021 | 0 of 1 ran · 1 unverified | report |
| 21 | GPT-3 175B (few-shot) | 80.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | 15 of 65 ran · 50 unverified | report |
| 22 | RoBERTa-large + G-DAug-Inf | 80 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | 2 of 4 ran · 2 unverified | report |
| 23 | UL2 20B (0-shot) | 79.9 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 0 of 16 ran · 16 unverified | report |
| 24 | ALBERT-xxlarge 235M | 78.8 | – | Paper | – | 2021 | no code linked | report |
| 25 | Neo-6B (QA + WS) | 77.9 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 2 of 2 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 26 | HNN | 75.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | 0 of 1 ran · 1 unverified | report |
| 27 | Neo-6B (QA) | 74.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 2 of 2 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 28 | RoBERTa-large 354M | 73.9 | – | Paper | – | 2021 | no code linked | report |
| 29 | GPT-2-XL 1.5B | 73.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 30 | BERTwiki 340M (fine-tuned on WSCR) | 72.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 31 | BERT-SocialIQA 340M | 72.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | 0 of 10 ran · 10 unverified | report |
| 32 | BERT-large 340M (fine-tuned on WSCR) | 71.4 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 33 | GPT-2-XL 1.5B | 70.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 34 | BERTwiki 340M (fine-tuned on half of WSCR) | 70.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 35 | LaMini-GPT 1.5B | 69.6 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 36 | GPT-2 Medium 774M (partial scoring) | 69.2 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 37 | N-Grammer 343M | 68.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 0 of 6 ran · 6 unverified | report |
| 38 | AlexaTM 20B | 68.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 1 of 1 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 39 | BERT-large 340M | 67 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | 0 of 10 ran · 10 unverified | report |
| 40 | T5-Large 738M | 66.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 41 | T0-3B (CoT fine-tuned) | 66 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 42 | KiC-770M | 65.40 | – | Paper | – | 2022 | no code linked | report |
| 43 | GPT-2 Medium 774M (full scoring) | 64.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 44 | LaMini-F-T5 783M | 64.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 45 | Ensemble of 14 LMs | 63.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | 0 of 7 ran · 7 unverified | report |
| 46 | H3 125M (3-shot, rank classification) | 63.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 7 of 15 ran · 8 unverified | report |
| 47 | DSSM | 63.0 | – | Paper | – | 2019 | no code linked | report |
| 48 | RoBERTa-base 125M | 63 | – | Paper | – | 2021 | no code linked | report |
| 49 | Word-level CNN+LSTM (partial scoring) | 62.6 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | 0 of 7 ran · 7 unverified | report |
| 50 | UDSSM-II (ensemble) | 62.4 | – | Paper | – | 2019 | no code linked | report |
| 51 | BERT-base 110M (fine-tuned on WSCR) | 62.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 52 | RoE-3B | 62.21 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | 3 of 3 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 53 | BERT-large 340M | 62.0 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | 204 of 659 ran · 455 unverified | report |
| 54 | GPT-2 Small 117M (partial scoring) | 61.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 55 | H3 125M (0-shot, rank classification) | 61.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 7 of 15 ran · 8 unverified | report |
| 56 | BERT-large 340M | 61.4 | – | Paper | – | 2021 | no code linked | report |
| 57 | BERT-base 110M + MAS | 60.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 58 | longdoc S (OntoNotes + PreCo + LitBank) | 60.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2021 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 59 | longdoc S (ON + PreCo + LitBank + 30k pseudo-singletons) | 59.4 | – | Paper | Code | 2021 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 60 | UDSSM-II | 59.2 | – | Paper | – | 2019 | no code linked | report |
| 61 | LaMini-T5 738M | 59 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 62 | Flipped-3B | 58.37 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 63 | KEE+NKAM winner of the WSC2016 | 58.3 | – | Paper | – | 2016 | no code linked | report |
| 64 | Char-level CNN+LSTM (partial scoring) | 57.9 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | 0 of 7 ran · 7 unverified | report |
| 65 | UDSSM-I (ensemble) | 57.1 | – | Paper | – | 2019 | no code linked | report |
| 66 | Knowledge Hunter | 57.1 | – | Paper | – | 2018 | no code linked | report |
| 67 | WKH | 57.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 68 | BERT-base 110M | 56.5 | – | Paper | – | 2021 | no code linked | report |
| 69 | GPT-2 Small 117M (full scoring) | 55.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2018 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 70 | ALBERT-base 11M | 55.4 | – | Paper | – | 2021 | no code linked | report |
| 71 | Pythia 12B (0-shot) | 54.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 72 | UDSSM-I | 54.5 | – | Paper | – | 2019 | no code linked | report |
| 73 | Subword-level Transformer LM | 54.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2017 | 600 of 946 ran · 346 unverified | report |
| 74 | USSM + Supervised DeepNet + KB | 52.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 75 | KEE+NKAM on WinoGrande | 52.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 76 | USSM + KB | 52 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 77 | Random chance baseline | 50 | – | Paper | – | 2021 | no code linked | report |
| 78 | Hybrid H3 125M (3-shot, logit scoring) | 43.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 7 of 15 ran · 8 unverified | report |
| 79 | Pythia 2.8B (0-shot) | 38.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 80 | Neo-6B (few-shot) | 36.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 2 of 2 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 81 | Pythia 6.9B (0-shot) | 36.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 82 | Pythia 12B (5-shot) | 36.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
All 82 rows shown. 82 link to a paper page on this site; 0 are marked as using additional training data in the archive. No GitHub stars are tracked; "Code" is the first repository the archive lists for the row. The archive carries no row tags, review links or community-submitted rows for this table; none are shown. archive 2025-07-28
Syntology Ran reads "N of M ran · U unverified": of the M code samples Syntology harvested from repositories linked to that row's paper (joined by arXiv id), N executed on a synthesized input and the other U = M−N are unverified (harvested, no recorded run). It counts code from repositories linked to that row's paper, not this result: the row's number was not reproduced and nothing here is a correctness claim. The other cell texts mean no graph line for the row: "linked, not harvested" (the archive links code, Syntology has not harvested it), "no code linked" (no code link in the archive), "not matched" (the row's paper URL matched no paper on this site). 32 rows have a graph line, from 19 distinct papers; 21 rows (13 papers) have at least one sample that ran. Counting each paper once: Syntology ran 883 of 1,839 samples; 956 unverified. Separately, 621 of those 1,839 are pointer-only (licence): the site points at that code rather than redistributing it, a licence property recorded for ran and unverified samples alike; each cell's tooltip carries the row's own pointer-only count. Read from the graph 2026-09-24. Per-sample status is on the paper page.
Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections