Papers › VRT: A Video Restoration Transformer

VRT: A Video Restoration Transformer

28 Jan 2022arXiv:2201.12288archive 2025-07-28

Jingyun Liang, JieZhang Cao, Yuchen Fan, Kai Zhang, Rakesh Ranjan, Yawei Li, Radu Timofte, Luc van Gool

Video restoration (e.g., video super-resolution) aims to restore high-quality frames from low-quality frames. Different from single image restoration, video restoration generally requires to utilize temporal information from multiple adjacent but usually misaligned video frames. Existing deep methods generally tackle with this by exploiting a sliding window strategy or a recurrent architecture, which either is restricted by frame-by-frame restoration or lacks long-range modelling ability. In this paper, we propose a Video Restoration Transformer (VRT) with parallel frame prediction and long-range temporal dependency modelling abilities. More specifically, VRT is composed of multiple scales, each of which consists of two kinds of modules: temporal mutual self attention (TMSA) and parallel warping. TMSA divides the video into small clips, on which mutual attention is applied for joint motion estimation, feature alignment and feature fusion, while self attention is used for feature extraction. To enable cross-clip interactions, the video sequence is shifted for every other layer. Besides, parallel warping is used to further fuse information from neighboring frames by parallel feature warping. Experimental results on five tasks, including video super-resolution, video deblurring, video denoising, video frame interpolation and space-time video super-resolution, demonstrate that VRT outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by large margins (up to 2.16dB) on fourteen benchmark datasets.

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jingyunliang/vrt officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorch report

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1ran · our draft was wrong
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drop_path jingyunliang/vrt/models/network_vrt.py official repository ran · fixture could not drive it licence not identified · pointer only · 9ea4d5b8b4d5ef2f · report
flow_warp jingyunliang/vrt/models/network_vrt.py official repository ran · fixture could not drive it licence not identified · pointer only · c4d261acbb02d0e1 · report
trunc_normal_ jingyunliang/vrt/models/network_vrt.py official repository ran · fixture could not drive it licence not identified · pointer only · 8347c57b16dab539 · report
test_video identical code first harvested elsewhere ran · our draft was wrong licence of this copy not recorded · a1cad82b9beff0c7 · report
test_clip identical code first harvested elsewhere unverified licence of this copy not recorded · 705758eeba9070e3 · report

Tasks

DeblurringDenoisingImage RestorationMotion EstimationSpace-time Video Super-resolutionSuper-ResolutionVideo DeblurringVideo DenoisingVideo Frame InterpolationVideo RestorationVideo Super-Resolution

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Deblurring BASED VRT (GoPro) PSNR 31.42945 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring BASED VRT (GoPro) VMAF 66.72253 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring BASED VRT (REDS) ERQAv2.0 0.74874 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring BASED VRT (REDS) LPIPS 0.08248 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring BASED VRT (REDS) PSNR 30.97878 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring BASED VRT (REDS) SSIM 0.94503 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring BASED VRT (REDS) VMAF 66.81782 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring DVD VRT PSNR 34.27 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring GoPro VRT PSNR 34.81 #6 of 56 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring GoPro VRT SSIM 0.9724 #6 of 56 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (GoPro) ERQAv2.0 0.74874 #2 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (GoPro) LPIPS 0.08165 #2 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (GoPro) PSNR 31.42945 #2 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (GoPro) SSIM 0.94503 #2 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (GoPro) Subjective 2.3854 #2 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (GoPro) VMAF 66.72253 #2 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (REDS) ERQAv2.0 0.75056 #3 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (REDS) LPIPS 0.08248 #3 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (REDS) PSNR 30.97878 #3 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (REDS) SSIM 0.94601 #3 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (REDS) Subjective 1.5660 #3 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring MSU BASED VRT (REDS) VMAF 66.81782 #3 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Deblurring REDS VRT Average PSNR 36.79 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Space-time Video Super-resolution Vimeo90K-Fast VRT PSNR 36.98 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Space-time Video Super-resolution Vimeo90K-Fast VRT SSIM 0.9439 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Space-time Video Super-resolution Vimeo90K-Medium VRT PSNR 36.01 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Space-time Video Super-resolution Vimeo90K-Medium VRT SSIM 0.9434 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Video Denoising DAVIS sigma10 VRT PSNR 40.82 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Video Denoising DAVIS sigma20 VRT PSNR 38.15 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Video Denoising DAVIS sigma30 VRT PSNR 36.52 #3 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Video Denoising DAVIS sigma40 VRT PSNR 35.32 #3 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Video Denoising DAVIS sigma50 VRT PSNR 34.36 #3 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Video Denoising Set8 sigma10 VRT PSNR 37.88 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Video Denoising Set8 sigma20 VRT PSNR 35.02 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Video Denoising Set8 sigma30 VRT PSNR 33.35 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Video Denoising Set8 sigma40 VRT PSNR 32.15 #3 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Video Denoising Set8 sigma50 VRT PSNR 31.22 #3 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
Video Frame Interpolation Vid4 - 4x upscaling VRT PSNR 27.46 #1 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Video Frame Interpolation Vid4 - 4x upscaling VRT Parameters 4450000 #1 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Video Frame Interpolation Vid4 - 4x upscaling VRT SSIM 0.8392 #1 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x264 BSQ-rate over ERQA 1.578 #17 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x264 BSQ-rate over LPIPS 1.259 #17 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x264 BSQ-rate over MS-SSIM 0.662 #17 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x264 BSQ-rate over PSNR 1.09 #17 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x264 BSQ-rate over Subjective Score 1.245 #17 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x264 BSQ-rate over VMAF 0.7 #17 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x265 BSQ-rate over ERQA 8.92 #28 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x265 BSQ-rate over LPIPS 11.329 #28 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x265 BSQ-rate over MS-SSIM 1.257 #28 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x265 BSQ-rate over PSNR 6.634 #28 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x265 BSQ-rate over Subjective Score 2.023 #28 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + x265 BSQ-rate over VMAF 1.217 #28 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + vvenc BSQ-rate over ERQA 18.333 #29 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + vvenc BSQ-rate over LPIPS 11.496 #29 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + vvenc BSQ-rate over MS-SSIM 0.836 #29 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + vvenc BSQ-rate over PSNR 5.777 #29 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + vvenc BSQ-rate over Subjective Score 2.235 #29 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + vvenc BSQ-rate over VMAF 0.652 #29 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + uavs3e BSQ-rate over ERQA 6.619 #33 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + uavs3e BSQ-rate over LPIPS 4.003 #33 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + uavs3e BSQ-rate over MS-SSIM 1.982 #33 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + uavs3e BSQ-rate over PSNR 5.862 #33 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + uavs3e BSQ-rate over Subjective Score 2.511 #33 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + uavs3e BSQ-rate over VMAF 1.425 #33 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + aomenc BSQ-rate over ERQA 12.289 #34 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + aomenc BSQ-rate over LPIPS 4.429 #34 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + aomenc BSQ-rate over MS-SSIM 2.797 #34 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + aomenc BSQ-rate over PSNR 10.075 #34 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + aomenc BSQ-rate over Subjective Score 2.631 #34 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Super-Resolution for Video Compression VRT + aomenc BSQ-rate over VMAF 1.733 #34 of 85 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Video Super Resolution Benchmark: Detail Restoration VRT 1 - LPIPS 0.929 #1 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Video Super Resolution Benchmark: Detail Restoration VRT ERQAv1.0 0.758 #1 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Video Super Resolution Benchmark: Detail Restoration VRT FPS 2.778 #1 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Video Super Resolution Benchmark: Detail Restoration VRT PSNR 31.669 #1 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Video Super Resolution Benchmark: Detail Restoration VRT QRCRv1.0 0.722 #1 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Video Super Resolution Benchmark: Detail Restoration VRT SSIM 0.902 #1 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Video Super Resolution Benchmark: Detail Restoration VRT Subjective score 7.628 #1 of 32 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Video Upscalers: Quality Enhancement VRT-Reds-L LPIPS 0.343 #29 of 48 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Video Upscalers: Quality Enhancement VRT-Reds-L PSNR 31.01 #29 of 48 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution MSU Video Upscalers: Quality Enhancement VRT-Reds-L SSIM 0.869 #29 of 48 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution UDM10 - 4x upscaling VRT PSNR 41.05 #1 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution UDM10 - 4x upscaling VRT SSIM 0.9737 #1 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution Vid4 - 4x upscaling VRT PSNR 27.93 #8 of 27 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution Vid4 - 4x upscaling VRT SSIM 0.8425 #8 of 27 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution Vid4 - 4x upscaling - BD degradation VRT PSNR 29.42 #2 of 18 Archive leaderboard report
Video Super-Resolution Vid4 - 4x upscaling - BD degradation VRT SSIM 0.8795 #2 of 18 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionBPEDense ConnectionsDropoutLabel SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerResidual ConnectionSoftmaxTransformer

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