Papers › UNETR: Transformers for 3D Medical Image Segmentation

UNETR: Transformers for 3D Medical Image Segmentation

18 Mar 2021arXiv:2103.10504archive 2025-07-28

Ali Hatamizadeh, Yucheng Tang, Vishwesh Nath, Dong Yang, Andriy Myronenko, Bennett Landman, Holger Roth, Daguang Xu

Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNNs) with contracting and expanding paths have shown prominence for the majority of medical image segmentation applications since the past decade. In FCNNs, the encoder plays an integral role by learning both global and local features and contextual representations which can be utilized for semantic output prediction by the decoder. Despite their success, the locality of convolutional layers in FCNNs, limits the capability of learning long-range spatial dependencies. Inspired by the recent success of transformers for Natural Language Processing (NLP) in long-range sequence learning, we reformulate the task of volumetric (3D) medical image segmentation as a sequence-to-sequence prediction problem. We introduce a novel architecture, dubbed as UNEt TRansformers (UNETR), that utilizes a transformer as the encoder to learn sequence representations of the input volume and effectively capture the global multi-scale information, while also following the successful "U-shaped" network design for the encoder and decoder. The transformer encoder is directly connected to a decoder via skip connections at different resolutions to compute the final semantic segmentation output. We have validated the performance of our method on the Multi Atlas Labeling Beyond The Cranial Vault (BTCV) dataset for multi-organ segmentation and the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) dataset for brain tumor and spleen segmentation tasks. Our benchmarks demonstrate new state-of-the-art performance on the BTCV leaderboard. Code: https://monai.io/research/unetr

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Code

MIC-DKFZ/MedNeXt mentioned on GitHubpytorchApache-2.0 report
baai-dcai/segvol mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
mkara44/unetr_pytorch mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
tamasino52/UNETR mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
tamasino52/UNeTR-Pose mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
Project-MONAI/MONAI pytorchApache-2.0 report
Project-MONAI/tutorials pytorchApache-2.0 report

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Tasks

3D Medical Imaging SegmentationDecoderImage SegmentationMedical Image SegmentationOrgan SegmentationSegmentationSemantic Segmentation

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Methods

Introduced by this paper: UNETR

1x1 ConvolutionAttentionBatch NormalizationConcatenated Skip ConnectionConvolutionDense ConnectionsLinear LayerMax PoolingMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerReLUResidual ConnectionSoftmaxU-NetUNETR

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