Papers › The GEM Benchmark: Natural Language Generation, its Evaluation and Metrics

The GEM Benchmark: Natural Language Generation, its Evaluation and Metrics

2 Feb 2021ACL (GEM) 2021 8arXiv:2102.01672archive 2025-07-28

Sebastian Gehrmann, Tosin Adewumi, Karmanya Aggarwal, Pawan Sasanka Ammanamanchi, Aremu Anuoluwapo, Antoine Bosselut, Khyathi Raghavi Chandu, Miruna Clinciu, Dipanjan Das, Kaustubh D. Dhole, Wanyu Du, Esin Durmus, Ondřej Dušek, Chris Emezue, Varun Gangal, Cristina Garbacea, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Yufang Hou, Yacine Jernite, Harsh Jhamtani, Yangfeng Ji, Shailza Jolly, Mihir Kale, Dhruv Kumar, Faisal Ladhak, Aman Madaan, Mounica Maddela, Khyati Mahajan, Saad Mahamood, Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder, Pedro Henrique Martins, Angelina McMillan-Major, Simon Mille, Emiel van Miltenburg, Moin Nadeem, Shashi Narayan, Vitaly Nikolaev, Rubungo Andre Niyongabo, Salomey Osei, Ankur Parikh, Laura Perez-Beltrachini, Niranjan Ramesh Rao, Vikas Raunak, Juan Diego Rodriguez, Sashank Santhanam, João Sedoc, Thibault Sellam, Samira Shaikh, Anastasia Shimorina, Marco Antonio Sobrevilla Cabezudo, Hendrik Strobelt, Nishant Subramani, Wei Xu, Diyi Yang, Akhila Yerukola, Jiawei Zhou

We introduce GEM, a living benchmark for natural language Generation (NLG), its Evaluation, and Metrics. Measuring progress in NLG relies on a constantly evolving ecosystem of automated metrics, datasets, and human evaluation standards. Due to this moving target, new models often still evaluate on divergent anglo-centric corpora with well-established, but flawed, metrics. This disconnect makes it challenging to identify the limitations of current models and opportunities for progress. Addressing this limitation, GEM provides an environment in which models can easily be applied to a wide set of tasks and in which evaluation strategies can be tested. Regular updates to the benchmark will help NLG research become more multilingual and evolve the challenge alongside models. This paper serves as the description of the data for which we are organizing a shared task at our ACL 2021 Workshop and to which we invite the entire NLG community to participate.

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Tasks

Abstractive Text SummarizationCross-Lingual Abstractive SummarizationData-to-Text GenerationExtreme SummarizationQuestion AnsweringTask-Oriented Dialogue SystemsText GenerationText Simplification

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

GEM

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Abstractive Text Summarization MLSUM de mBART METEOR 0.437 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization MLSUM es mBART METEOR 0.210 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation Cleaned E2E NLG Challenge LSTM METEOR (Validation set) 0.394 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation Cleaned E2E NLG Challenge TGen METEOR (Validation set) 0.391 #5 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation Cleaned E2E NLG Challenge BART METEOR (Validation set) 0.373 #6 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation Cleaned E2E NLG Challenge T5 METEOR (Validation set) 0.369 #7 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation ToTTo T5 METEOR 0.363 #6 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG en mBART METEOR 0.462 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG en mT5 METEOR 0.287 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG ru mBART METEOR 0.613 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG ru mT5 METEOR 0.180 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Extreme Summarization GEM-XSum PEGASUS Parameters 568 M #1 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Extreme Summarization GEM-XSum PEGASUS ROUGE-2 23.2 #1 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Extreme Summarization XSum PEGASUS METEOR 0.216 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems SGD T5 METEOR 0.331 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems SGD BART METEOR 0.089 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation CommonGen BART METEOR 0.301 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation CommonGen T5 METEOR 0.291 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation Czech restaurant information TGen++ METEOR 0.167 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation Czech restaurant information TGen METEOR 0.152 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation Czech restaurant information TGen+ METEOR 0.151 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART T5 METEOR 0.115 #6 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART BART METEOR 0.107 #7 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification ASSET T5 METEOR 0.581 #11 of 12 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification ASSET BART METEOR 0.560 #12 of 12 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification TurkCorpus T5 METEOR 0.649 #22 of 25 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification TurkCorpus BART METEOR 0.556 #23 of 25 Archive leaderboard report

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