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Large-scale Robust Deep AUC Maximization: A New Surrogate Loss and Empirical Studies on Medical Image Classification

6 Dec 2020ICCV 2021 10arXiv:2012.03173archive 2025-07-28

Zhuoning Yuan, Yan Yan, Milan Sonka, Tianbao Yang

Deep AUC Maximization (DAM) is a new paradigm for learning a deep neural network by maximizing the AUC score of the model on a dataset. Most previous works of AUC maximization focus on the perspective of optimization by designing efficient stochastic algorithms, and studies on generalization performance of large-scale DAM on difficult tasks are missing. In this work, we aim to make DAM more practical for interesting real-world applications (e.g., medical image classification). First, we propose a new margin-based min-max surrogate loss function for the AUC score (named as AUC min-max-margin loss or simply AUC margin loss for short). It is more robust than the commonly used AUC square loss, while enjoying the same advantage in terms of large-scale stochastic optimization. Second, we conduct extensive empirical studies of our DAM method on four difficult medical image classification tasks, namely (i) classification of chest x-ray images for identifying many threatening diseases, (ii) classification of images of skin lesions for identifying melanoma, (iii) classification of mammogram for breast cancer screening, and (iv) classification of microscopic images for identifying tumor tissue. Our studies demonstrate that the proposed DAM method improves the performance of optimizing cross-entropy loss by a large margin, and also achieves better performance than optimizing the existing AUC square loss on these medical image classification tasks. Specifically, our DAM method has achieved the 1st place on Stanford CheXpert competition on Aug. 31, 2020. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that makes DAM succeed on large-scale medical image datasets. We also conduct extensive ablation studies to demonstrate the advantages of the new AUC margin loss over the AUC square loss on benchmark datasets. The proposed method is implemented in our open-sourced library LibAUC (www.libauc.org).

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Optimization-AI/LibAUC officialpytorchMIT report
optimization-ai/iccv2021_deepauc mentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorch report
yzhuoning/DeepAUC_OGB_Challenge mentioned on GitHubpytorch report

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Tasks

ClassificationGeneral ClassificationGraph Property PredictionImage ClassificationMedical Image ClassificationStochastic Optimizationimage-classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Graph Property Prediction ogbg-molhiv DeepAUC Ext. data No #4 of 43 Archive leaderboard report
Graph Property Prediction ogbg-molhiv DeepAUC Number of params 3444509 #4 of 43 Archive leaderboard report
Graph Property Prediction ogbg-molhiv DeepAUC Test ROC-AUC 0.8352 ± 0.0054 #4 of 43 Archive leaderboard report
Graph Property Prediction ogbg-molhiv DeepAUC Validation ROC-AUC 0.8238 ± 0.0061 #4 of 43 Archive leaderboard report
Multi-Label Classification CheXpert DeepAUC-v1 AVERAGE AUC ON 14 LABEL 0.930 #2 of 226 Archive leaderboard report
Multi-Label Classification CheXpert DeepAUC-v1 NUM RADS BELOW CURVE 2.800 #2 of 226 Archive leaderboard report

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