Papers › Rethinking Recurrent Neural Networks and Other Improvements for Image Classification

Rethinking Recurrent Neural Networks and Other Improvements for Image Classification

30 Jul 2020arXiv:2007.15161archive 2025-07-28

Nguyen Huu Phong, Bernardete Ribeiro

Over the long history of machine learning, which dates back several decades, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been used mainly for sequential data and time series and generally with 1D information. Even in some rare studies on 2D images, these networks are used merely to learn and generate data sequentially rather than for image recognition tasks. In this study, we propose integrating an RNN as an additional layer when designing image recognition models. We also develop end-to-end multimodel ensembles that produce expert predictions using several models. In addition, we extend the training strategy so that our model performs comparably to leading models and can even match the state-of-the-art models on several challenging datasets (e.g., SVHN (0.99), Cifar-100 (0.9027) and Cifar-10 (0.9852)). Moreover, our model sets a new record on the Surrey dataset (0.949). The source code of the methods provided in this article is available at https://github.com/leonlha/e2e-3m and http://nguyenhuuphong.me.

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Code

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Tasks

General ClassificationImage ClassificationTime SeriesTime Series Analysisimage-classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Image Classification CIFAR-10 E2E-3M Percentage correct 98.52 #39 of 265 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification CIFAR-100 E2E-3M Percentage correct 90.27 #24 of 211 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification Fashion-MNIST E2E-3M Percentage error 4.08 #3 of 34 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification SVHN E2E-M3 Percentage error 1.0 #1 of 62 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification Surrey ASL E2E-3M Accuracy (%) 94.90 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iCassava'19 E2E-3M Top-1 Accuracy 0.9368 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Softmax

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