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Rectifying Pseudo Label Learning via Uncertainty Estimation for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation

8 Mar 2020arXiv:2003.03773archive 2025-07-28

Zhedong Zheng, Yi Yang

This paper focuses on the unsupervised domain adaptation of transferring the knowledge from the source domain to the target domain in the context of semantic segmentation. Existing approaches usually regard the pseudo label as the ground truth to fully exploit the unlabeled target-domain data. Yet the pseudo labels of the target-domain data are usually predicted by the model trained on the source domain. Thus, the generated labels inevitably contain the incorrect prediction due to the discrepancy between the training domain and the test domain, which could be transferred to the final adapted model and largely compromises the training process. To overcome the problem, this paper proposes to explicitly estimate the prediction uncertainty during training to rectify the pseudo label learning for unsupervised semantic segmentation adaptation. Given the input image, the model outputs the semantic segmentation prediction as well as the uncertainty of the prediction. Specifically, we model the uncertainty via the prediction variance and involve the uncertainty into the optimization objective. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we evaluate the proposed method on two prevalent synthetic-to-real semantic segmentation benchmarks, i.e., GTA5 -> Cityscapes and SYNTHIA -> Cityscapes, as well as one cross-city benchmark, i.e., Cityscapes -> Oxford RobotCar. We demonstrate through extensive experiments that the proposed approach (1) dynamically sets different confidence thresholds according to the prediction variance, (2) rectifies the learning from noisy pseudo labels, and (3) achieves significant improvements over the conventional pseudo label learning and yields competitive performance on all three benchmarks.

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ShigemichiMatsuzaki/MSPL mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
layumi/Seg-Uncertainty mentioned on GitHubpytorch report

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Tasks

Domain AdaptationPredictionPseudo LabelSegmentationSemantic SegmentationSynthetic-to-Real TranslationUnsupervised Domain AdaptationUnsupervised Semantic Segmentation

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Domain Adaptation GTA5 to Cityscapes MRNet + Rectifying Label mIoU 50.3 #25 of 28 Archive leaderboard report
Synthetic-to-Real Translation GTAV-to-Cityscapes Labels MRNet+Rectifying Label mIoU 50.3 #46 of 73 Archive leaderboard report
Synthetic-to-Real Translation SYNTHIA-to-Cityscapes MRNet+Rectifying Label(ResNet-101) MIoU (13 classes) 54.9 #26 of 38 Archive leaderboard report
Synthetic-to-Real Translation SYNTHIA-to-Cityscapes MRNet+Rectifying Label(ResNet-101) MIoU (16 classes) 47.9 #26 of 38 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Cityscapes-to-OxfordCar MRNet+Rectifying Label(ResNet-101) mIoU 74.4 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation GTAV-to-Cityscapes Labels Uncertainty mIoU 50.3 #18 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation SYNTHIA-to-Cityscapes Uncertainty mIoU 47.9 #19 of 23 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation SYNTHIA-to-Cityscapes Uncertainty mIoU (13 classes) 54.9 #19 of 23 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

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