Papers › LongForm: Effective Instruction Tuning with Reverse Instructions

LongForm: Effective Instruction Tuning with Reverse Instructions

17 Apr 2023arXiv:2304.08460archive 2025-07-28

Abdullatif Köksal, Timo Schick, Anna Korhonen, Hinrich Schütze

Instruction tuning enables language models to more effectively generalize and better follow user intent. However, obtaining instruction data is costly and challenging. Prior work employs methods such as expensive human annotation, crowd-sourced datasets with alignment issues, and generating noisy examples via LLMs. We introduce the LongForm-C dataset, which is created by reverse instructions. We generate instructions via LLMs for human-written corpus examples using reverse instructions. First we select a diverse set of human-written documents from corpora such as C4 and Wikipedia; then we generate instructions for these documents via LLMs. This approach provides a cheaper and cleaner instruction-tuning dataset with natural output and one suitable for long text generation. Our models outperform 10x larger language models without instruction tuning on tasks such as story/recipe generation and long-form question answering. Moreover, LongForm models outperform prior instruction-tuned models such as FLAN-T5 and Alpaca by a large margin, and improve language understanding capabilities further. We publicly release our data and models: https://github.com/akoksal/LongForm.

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Long Form Question AnsweringNews GenerationQuestion AnsweringRecipe GenerationText Generation

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LongForm

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AdafactorAttentionAttention DropoutBPEDense ConnectionsDropoutFlan-T5Gated Linear UnitInverse Square Root ScheduleLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionOPTResidual ConnectionSentencePieceSoftmaxT5

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