Papers › Least Squares Generative Adversarial Networks

Least Squares Generative Adversarial Networks

13 Nov 2016ICCV 2017 10arXiv:1611.04076archive 2025-07-28

Xudong Mao, Qing Li, Haoran Xie, Raymond Y. K. Lau, Zhen Wang, Stephen Paul Smolley

Unsupervised learning with generative adversarial networks (GANs) has proven hugely successful. Regular GANs hypothesize the discriminator as a classifier with the sigmoid cross entropy loss function. However, we found that this loss function may lead to the vanishing gradients problem during the learning process. To overcome such a problem, we propose in this paper the Least Squares Generative Adversarial Networks (LSGANs) which adopt the least squares loss function for the discriminator. We show that minimizing the objective function of LSGAN yields minimizing the Pearson χ² divergence. There are two benefits of LSGANs over regular GANs. First, LSGANs are able to generate higher quality images than regular GANs. Second, LSGANs perform more stable during the learning process. We evaluate LSGANs on five scene datasets and the experimental results show that the images generated by LSGANs are of better quality than the ones generated by regular GANs. We also conduct two comparison experiments between LSGANs and regular GANs to illustrate the stability of LSGANs.

Code

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Methods

Introduced by this paper: GAN Least Squares Loss, LSGAN

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