Papers › Learning to Generalize: Meta-Learning for Domain Generalization

Learning to Generalize: Meta-Learning for Domain Generalization

10 Oct 2017arXiv:1710.03463archive 2025-07-28

Da Li, Yongxin Yang, Yi-Zhe Song, Timothy M. Hospedales

Domain shift refers to the well known problem that a model trained in one source domain performs poorly when applied to a target domain with different statistics. {Domain Generalization} (DG) techniques attempt to alleviate this issue by producing models which by design generalize well to novel testing domains. We propose a novel {meta-learning} method for domain generalization. Rather than designing a specific model that is robust to domain shift as in most previous DG work, we propose a model agnostic training procedure for DG. Our algorithm simulates train/test domain shift during training by synthesizing virtual testing domains within each mini-batch. The meta-optimization objective requires that steps to improve training domain performance should also improve testing domain performance. This meta-learning procedure trains models with good generalization ability to novel domains. We evaluate our method and achieve state of the art results on a recent cross-domain image classification benchmark, as well demonstrating its potential on two classic reinforcement learning tasks.

PaperPDFCodeCode Syntology ran

In Syntology View this paper on Syntology: its repositories, every harvested function with whether it ran, its licence and the call to fetch it.

Open this paper in Syntology's Atlas, the map of the papers in Syntology's graph and their citations.

For agents, Syntology's MCP tool lists every function and class Syntology harvested from this paper and whether it ran (how to connect): get_harvested_code_for_paper(arxiv_id="1710.03463")

Code

Syntology Ran 2 of 11 code samples harvested from 2 repositories linked to this paper; 9 have no recorded run. Of those that ran: 2 ran with no contract checked.

By repository: community (archive-listed): 11 samples from 2 repositories, 2 ran. The run record, sample by sample. “Ran” means executed on a synthesized input, not that the code is correct or reproduces the paper.

HAHA-DL/MLDG mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
Pulkit-Khandelwal/medical-mldg-seg mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
Pulkit-Khandelwal/mldg mentioned on GitHubpytorchApache-2.0 report
facebookresearch/DomainBed mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
thuml/Transfer-Learning-Library mentioned on GitHubpytorch report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

11 samples harvested; 2 ran; 0 honoured the contract we drafted; 9 have no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-25; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.

2ran
9unverified

Licence: 0 of the 11 samples are pointer only, meaning Syntology does not serve that copy's text. This page shows no code text for any sample; each one links to its file in the repository.

Harvested from 2 repositories linked to this paper, official or community; each sample names its own and says which. “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized input. It does not mean the output is correct, and nothing here reproduces the paper's results. “Honoured” and “violated” refer to a contract Syntology drafted from the code itself; “our draft was wrong” and “fixture could not drive it” are failures of Syntology's instrument, not of the code.

Each sample ends with its code_sha256, Syntology's identity for that exact code. An agent fetches the stored sample with Syntology's MCP tool get_code(code_sha256="…") (how to connect); click an identity to copy that call.

Repository labels, per sample. official repository: The archive marks this repository official for the paper. named in the paper: The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official. community (archive-listed): In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper. found in paper text by Syntology: Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted. community: Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested. Samples from a repository marked official are listed first. Licence labels name the repository's licence as recorded at harvest. “Pointer only” means Syntology does not serve that copy's text, for one of four reasons: no licence file was found; the licence was not identified; the licence is recorded as permissive but that copy's record is not marked cleared; or the licence is outside the permissive list Syntology serves text under (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD and similar). Some licences outside that list permit redistribution, such as WTFPL, and GPL-3.0 under its conditions; they are simply not on the list. Hover a licence label for the reason. File links open the file on GitHub at the default branch, which may have changed since the harvest.

default_flist_reader Pulkit-Khandelwal/mldg/data_reader.py community (archive-listed) ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · a2d01766b58dccb1 · report
default_loader Pulkit-Khandelwal/mldg/data_reader.py community (archive-listed) ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · ac269a0e4b8d946e · report
conv2d HAHA-DL/MLDG/ops.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 0e943019e82fc2c6 · report
conv2d Pulkit-Khandelwal/mldg/ops.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · de1ae463b706fe80 · report
linear HAHA-DL/MLDG/ops.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 784b369d16cde8f9 · report
relu HAHA-DL/MLDG/ops.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 982640b2b87ab733 · report
relu Pulkit-Khandelwal/mldg/ops.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · ffc6304fe71748bf · report
shuffle_data HAHA-DL/MLDG/utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · e66d8098b50090e3 · report
shuffle_list HAHA-DL/MLDG/utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · c63cc42fd5b3834f · report
unfold_label HAHA-DL/MLDG/utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 704f4addaa30438d · report
yo Pulkit-Khandelwal/mldg/mlp2.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 825eed11509a6aa2 · report

Tasks

Domain GeneralizationImage ClassificationMeta-LearningReinforcement Learningimage-classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Domain Generalization PACS MLDG (Alexnet) Average Accuracy 70.01 #124 of 133 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections