Papers › Learning Activation Functions to Improve Deep Neural Networks

Learning Activation Functions to Improve Deep Neural Networks

21 Dec 2014arXiv:1412.6830archive 2025-07-28

Forest Agostinelli, Matthew Hoffman, Peter Sadowski, Pierre Baldi

Artificial neural networks typically have a fixed, non-linear activation function at each neuron. We have designed a novel form of piecewise linear activation function that is learned independently for each neuron using gradient descent. With this adaptive activation function, we are able to improve upon deep neural network architectures composed of static rectified linear units, achieving state-of-the-art performance on CIFAR-10 (7.51%), CIFAR-100 (30.83%), and a benchmark from high-energy physics involving Higgs boson decay modes.

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TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Image Classification CIFAR-10 NiN+APL Percentage correct 92.5 #180 of 265 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification CIFAR-100 NiN+APL Percentage correct 69.2 #177 of 211 Archive leaderboard report

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