Papers › KILT: a Benchmark for Knowledge Intensive Language Tasks

KILT: a Benchmark for Knowledge Intensive Language Tasks

4 Sep 2020NAACL 2021 4arXiv:2009.02252archive 2025-07-28

Fabio Petroni, Aleksandra Piktus, Angela Fan, Patrick Lewis, Majid Yazdani, Nicola De Cao, James Thorne, Yacine Jernite, Vladimir Karpukhin, Jean Maillard, Vassilis Plachouras, Tim Rocktäschel, Sebastian Riedel

Challenging problems such as open-domain question answering, fact checking, slot filling and entity linking require access to large, external knowledge sources. While some models do well on individual tasks, developing general models is difficult as each task might require computationally expensive indexing of custom knowledge sources, in addition to dedicated infrastructure. To catalyze research on models that condition on specific information in large textual resources, we present a benchmark for knowledge-intensive language tasks (KILT). All tasks in KILT are grounded in the same snapshot of Wikipedia, reducing engineering turnaround through the re-use of components, as well as accelerating research into task-agnostic memory architectures. We test both task-specific and general baselines, evaluating downstream performance in addition to the ability of the models to provide provenance. We find that a shared dense vector index coupled with a seq2seq model is a strong baseline, outperforming more tailor-made approaches for fact checking, open-domain question answering and dialogue, and yielding competitive results on entity linking and slot filling, by generating disambiguated text. KILT data and code are available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/KILT.

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facebookresearch/KILT officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubMIT report
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Tasks

Entity LinkingFact CheckingFact VerificationOpen-Domain DialogOpen-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion AnsweringSlot Filling

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

KILT

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Entity Linking KILT: AIDA-YAGO2 T5-base Accuracy 74.05 #5 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: AIDA-YAGO2 T5-base KILT-AC 74.05 #5 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: AIDA-YAGO2 T5-base R-Prec 74.05 #5 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: AIDA-YAGO2 T5-base Recall@5 74.05 #5 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: WNED-CWEB T5-base Accuracy 49.29 #3 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: WNED-CWEB T5-base KILT-AC 49.29 #3 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: WNED-CWEB T5-base R-Prec 49.29 #3 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: WNED-CWEB T5-base Recall@5 49.29 #3 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: WNED-WIKI T5-base Accuracy 47.13 #4 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: WNED-WIKI T5-base KILT-AC 47.13 #4 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: WNED-WIKI T5-base R-Prec 47.13 #4 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Entity Linking KILT: WNED-WIKI T5-base Recall@5 47.13 #4 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Fact Verification KILT: FEVER RAG Accuracy 86.31 #7 of 33 Archive leaderboard report
Fact Verification KILT: FEVER RAG KILT-AC 53.45 #7 of 33 Archive leaderboard report
Fact Verification KILT: FEVER RAG R-Prec 61.94 #7 of 33 Archive leaderboard report
Fact Verification KILT: FEVER RAG Recall@5 75.55 #7 of 33 Archive leaderboard report
Fact Verification KILT: FEVER T5-base Accuracy 76.3 #17 of 33 Archive leaderboard report
Fact Verification KILT: FEVER T5-base KILT-AC 0.0 #17 of 33 Archive leaderboard report
Fact Verification KILT: FEVER T5-base R-Prec 0.0 #17 of 33 Archive leaderboard report
Fact Verification KILT: FEVER T5-base Recall@5 0.0 #17 of 33 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Dialog KILT: Wizard of Wikipedia T5-base F1 13.53 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Dialog KILT: Wizard of Wikipedia T5-base KILT-F1 0.0 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Dialog KILT: Wizard of Wikipedia T5-base KILT-RL 0.0 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Dialog KILT: Wizard of Wikipedia T5-base R-Prec 0.0 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Dialog KILT: Wizard of Wikipedia T5-base ROUGE-L 12.4 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Dialog KILT: Wizard of Wikipedia T5-base Recall@5 0.0 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: ELI5 T5-base F1 16.1 #11 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: ELI5 T5-base KILT-F1 0.0 #11 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: ELI5 T5-base KILT-RL 0.0 #11 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: ELI5 T5-base R-Prec 0.0 #11 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: ELI5 T5-base ROUGE-L 19.08 #11 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: ELI5 T5-base Recall@5 0.0 #11 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: HotpotQA T5-base EM 12.64 #13 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: HotpotQA T5-base F1 19.57 #13 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: HotpotQA T5-base KILT-EM 0.0 #13 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: HotpotQA T5-base KILT-F1 0.0 #13 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: HotpotQA T5-base R-Prec 0.0 #13 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: HotpotQA T5-base Recall@5 0.0 #13 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: Natural Questions T5-base EM 19.6 #15 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: Natural Questions T5-base F1 27.73 #15 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: Natural Questions T5-base KILT-EM 0.0 #15 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: Natural Questions T5-base KILT-F1 0.0 #15 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: Natural Questions T5-base R-Prec 0.0 #15 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: Natural Questions T5-base Recall@5 0.0 #15 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: TriviaQA T5-base EM 18.11 #15 of 15 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: TriviaQA T5-base F1 27.83 #15 of 15 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: TriviaQA T5-base KILT-EM 0.0 #15 of 15 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: TriviaQA T5-base KILT-F1 0.0 #15 of 15 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: TriviaQA T5-base R-Prec 0.0 #15 of 15 Archive leaderboard report
Open-Domain Question Answering KILT: TriviaQA T5-base Recall@5 0.0 #15 of 15 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering KILT: ELI5 T5-base F1 16.1 #5 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering KILT: ELI5 T5-base Rouge-L 19.08 #5 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering KILT: ELI5 BART+DPR F1 17.88 #6 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering KILT: ELI5 BART+DPR Rouge-L 17.41 #6 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering KILT: ELI5 RAG F1 14.51 #7 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering KILT: ELI5 RAG Rouge-L 14.05 #7 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: T-REx T5-base Accuracy 43.56 #18 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: T-REx T5-base F1 50.61 #18 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: T-REx T5-base KILT-AC 0.0 #18 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: T-REx T5-base KILT-F1 0.0 #18 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: T-REx T5-base R-Prec 0.0 #18 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: T-REx T5-base Recall@5 0.0 #18 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: Zero Shot RE T5-base Accuracy 9.02 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: Zero Shot RE T5-base F1 13.52 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: Zero Shot RE T5-base KILT-AC 0.0 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: Zero Shot RE T5-base KILT-F1 0.0 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: Zero Shot RE T5-base R-Prec 0.0 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Slot Filling KILT: Zero Shot RE T5-base Recall@5 0.0 #20 of 21 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

LSTMSeq2SeqSigmoid ActivationTanh Activation

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