Papers › Investigating Pretrained Language Models for Graph-to-Text Generation

Investigating Pretrained Language Models for Graph-to-Text Generation

16 Jul 2020EMNLP (NLP4ConvAI) 2021 11arXiv:2007.08426archive 2025-07-28

Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro, Martin Schmitt, Hinrich Schütze, Iryna Gurevych

Graph-to-text generation aims to generate fluent texts from graph-based data. In this paper, we investigate two recently proposed pretrained language models (PLMs) and analyze the impact of different task-adaptive pretraining strategies for PLMs in graph-to-text generation. We present a study across three graph domains: meaning representations, Wikipedia knowledge graphs (KGs) and scientific KGs. We show that the PLMs BART and T5 achieve new state-of-the-art results and that task-adaptive pretraining strategies improve their performance even further. In particular, we report new state-of-the-art BLEU scores of 49.72 on LDC2017T10, 59.70 on WebNLG, and 25.66 on AGENDA datasets - a relative improvement of 31.8%, 4.5%, and 42.4%, respectively. In an extensive analysis, we identify possible reasons for the PLMs' success on graph-to-text tasks. We find evidence that their knowledge about true facts helps them perform well even when the input graph representation is reduced to a simple bag of node and edge labels.

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count_trainable_parameters UKPLab/plms-graph2text/agenda/callbacks.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · a3826392847cbef3 · report
get_early_stopping_callback UKPLab/plms-graph2text/agenda/callbacks.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 295d9fdc5ce0b054 · report
convert_text UKPLab/plms-graph2text/agenda/utils_graph2text.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 9490bc2c5dd83c43 · report
convert_text UKPLab/plms-graph2text/amr/utils_graph2text.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 3ea4bb27e2072f0b · report
eval_bleu_sents UKPLab/plms-graph2text/amr/utils_graph2text.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 99630a47929b50fd · report
eval_bleu_sents_tok UKPLab/plms-graph2text/amr/utils_graph2text.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · bd41c2ca209d74c8 · report
eval_chrf_test_webnlg UKPLab/plms-graph2text/agenda/utils_graph2text.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 16c9346aec54122b · report
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get_checkpoint_callback UKPLab/plms-graph2text/agenda/callbacks.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 01cc9caede179564 · report
label_smoothed_nll_loss UKPLab/plms-graph2text/agenda/utils.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · e386d3a24af4d168 · report
lmap UKPLab/plms-graph2text/agenda/utils.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 7c43af131a6f39a6 · report
open_file UKPLab/plms-graph2text/amr/comp_sacrebleu.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · c8825db3ade9d2ec · report

Tasks

AMR-to-Text GenerationData-to-Text GenerationKB-to-Language GenerationKG-to-Text GenerationKnowledge GraphsQuestion GenerationText Generation

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG T5-small BLEU 65.05 #9 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG Full T5-large BLEU 59.70 #4 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation AGENDA BART-large+ STA BLEU 25.66 #1 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation AGENDA BART-large BLEU 23.65 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (All) T5_large BLEU 59.70 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (All) T5_large METEOR 44.18 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (All) T5_large chrF++ 75.40 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (All) BART_large BLEU 54.72 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (All) BART_large METEOR 42.23 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (All) BART_large chrF++ 72.29 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Seen) T5_large BLEU 64.71 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Seen) T5_large METEOR 45.85 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Seen) T5_large chrF++ 78.29 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Seen) BART_large BLEU 63.45 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Seen) BART_large METEOR 45.49 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Seen) BART_large chrF++ 77.57 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Unseen) T5_large BLEU 53.67 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Unseen) T5_large METEOR 42.26 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Unseen) T5_large chrF++ 72.25 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Unseen) BART_large BLEU 43.97 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Unseen) BART_large METEOR 38.61 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG (Unseen) BART_large chrF++ 66.53 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Compositional T5B BLEU 31.75 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Compositional T5B FactSpotter 94.84 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Compositional T5B METEOR 35.64 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-IID T5B BLEU 44.51 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-IID T5B FactSpotter 99.43 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-IID T5B METEOR 42.71 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Zero-Shot T5B FactSpotter 94.77 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Zero-Shot T5B METEOR 37.35 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Zero-Shot T5B bleu 32.20 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

AdafactorAdamAttentionAttention DropoutBARTBPEDense ConnectionsDropoutGated Linear UnitInverse Square Root ScheduleLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionResidual ConnectionSentencePieceSoftmaxT5

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