Papers › Investigating Annotator Bias in Large Language Models for Hate Speech Detection

Investigating Annotator Bias in Large Language Models for Hate Speech Detection

17 Jun 2024arXiv:2406.11109archive 2025-07-28

Amit Das, Zheng Zhang, Najib Hasan, Souvika Sarkar, Fatemeh Jamshidi, Tathagata Bhattacharya, Mostafa Rahgouy, Nilanjana Raychawdhary, Dongji Feng, Vinija Jain, Aman Chadha, Mary Sandage, Lauramarie Pope, Gerry Dozier, Cheryl Seals

Data annotation, the practice of assigning descriptive labels to raw data, is pivotal in optimizing the performance of machine learning models. However, it is a resource-intensive process susceptible to biases introduced by annotators. The emergence of sophisticated Large Language Models (LLMs) presents a unique opportunity to modernize and streamline this complex procedure. While existing research extensively evaluates the efficacy of LLMs, as annotators, this paper delves into the biases present in LLMs when annotating hate speech data. Our research contributes to understanding biases in four key categories: gender, race, religion, and disability with four LLMs: GPT-3.5, GPT-4o, Llama-3.1 and Gemma-2. Specifically targeting highly vulnerable groups within these categories, we analyze annotator biases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive examination of potential factors contributing to these biases by scrutinizing the annotated data. We introduce our custom hate speech detection dataset, HateBiasNet, to conduct this research. Additionally, we perform the same experiments on the ETHOS (Mollas et al. 2022) dataset also for comparative analysis. This paper serves as a crucial resource, guiding researchers and practitioners in harnessing the potential of LLMs for data annotation, thereby fostering advancements in this critical field.

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amitdasrup123/hatebiasnet officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubnot reachable when probed 2026-09-17 — repositories for recent papers often appear after camera-ready report
amitdasrup123/hatespeechcorpus officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubnot reachable when probed 2026-09-17 — repositories for recent papers often appear after camera-ready report

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DescriptiveHate Speech Detection

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HateSpeechCorpus

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AdamAttentionAttention DropoutBPECosine AnnealingDense ConnectionsDiscriminative Fine-TuningDropoutGPTGPT-3Layer NormalizationLinear LayerLinear Warmup With Cosine AnnealingMulti-Head AttentionResidual ConnectionSoftmaxWeight Decay

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