Papers › Generalizing Pooling Functions in Convolutional Neural Networks: Mixed, Gated, and Tree
Generalizing Pooling Functions in Convolutional Neural Networks: Mixed, Gated, and Tree
Chen-Yu Lee, Patrick W. Gallagher, Zhuowen Tu
We seek to improve deep neural networks by generalizing the pooling operations that play a central role in current architectures. We pursue a careful exploration of approaches to allow pooling to learn and to adapt to complex and variable patterns. The two primary directions lie in (1) learning a pooling function via (two strategies of) combining of max and average pooling, and (2) learning a pooling function in the form of a tree-structured fusion of pooling filters that are themselves learned. In our experiments every generalized pooling operation we explore improves performance when used in place of average or max pooling. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed pooling operations provide a boost in invariance properties relative to conventional pooling and set the state of the art on several widely adopted benchmark datasets; they are also easy to implement, and can be applied within various deep neural network architectures. These benefits come with only a light increase in computational overhead during training and a very modest increase in the number of model parameters.
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Code
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Tasks
Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28
| Task | Dataset | Model | Metric | Value | Rank at snapshot | Leaderboard | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image Classification | CIFAR-10 | Tree+Max-Avg pooling | Percentage correct | 94.0 | #165 of 265 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Image Classification | CIFAR-100 | Tree+Max-Avg pooling | Percentage correct | 67.6 | #184 of 211 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Image Classification | MNIST | Tree+Max-Avg pooling | Percentage error | 0.3 | #19 of 81 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Image Classification | SVHN | Tree+Max-Avg pooling | Percentage error | 1.7 | #18 of 62 | Archive leaderboard | report |
Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.
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