Papers › Focus on Local: Finding Reliable Discriminative Regions for Visual Place Recognition

Focus on Local: Finding Reliable Discriminative Regions for Visual Place Recognition

14 Apr 2025arXiv:2504.09881archive 2025-07-28

Changwei Wang, Shunpeng Chen, Yukun Song, Rongtao Xu, Zherui Zhang, Jiguang Zhang, Haoran Yang, Yu Zhang, Kexue Fu, Shide Du, Zhiwei Xu, Longxiang Gao, Li Guo, Shibiao Xu

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) is aimed at predicting the location of a query image by referencing a database of geotagged images. For VPR task, often fewer discriminative local regions in an image produce important effects while mundane background regions do not contribute or even cause perceptual aliasing because of easy overlap. However, existing methods lack precisely modeling and full exploitation of these discriminative regions. In this paper, we propose the Focus on Local (FoL) approach to stimulate the performance of image retrieval and re-ranking in VPR simultaneously by mining and exploiting reliable discriminative local regions in images and introducing pseudo-correlation supervision. First, we design two losses, Extraction-Aggregation Spatial Alignment Loss (SAL) and Foreground-Background Contrast Enhancement Loss (CEL), to explicitly model reliable discriminative local regions and use them to guide the generation of global representations and efficient re-ranking. Second, we introduce a weakly-supervised local feature training strategy based on pseudo-correspondences obtained from aggregating global features to alleviate the lack of local correspondences ground truth for the VPR task. Third, we suggest an efficient re-ranking pipeline that is efficiently and precisely based on discriminative region guidance. Finally, experimental results show that our FoL achieves the state-of-the-art on multiple VPR benchmarks in both image retrieval and re-ranking stages and also significantly outperforms existing two-stage VPR methods in terms of computational efficiency. Code and models are available at https://github.com/chenshunpeng/FoL

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FoL chenshunpeng/FoL/aggregators/FoL.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 77de8549944e4b0f · report
log_optimal_transport chenshunpeng/FoL/aggregators/FoL.py official repository ran · fixture could not drive it Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 03043019852c50f6 · report
log_sinkhorn_iterations chenshunpeng/FoL/aggregators/FoL.py official repository ran · our draft was wrong Apache-2.0 (permissive) · d5062fac61cbc73f · report

Tasks

Computational EfficiencyImage RetrievalRe-RankingRetrievalVisual Place Recognition

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Visual Place Recognition AmsterTime FoL Recall@1 70.1 #1 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition AmsterTime FoL Recall@10 90.0 #1 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition AmsterTime FoL Recall@5 91.8 #1 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition AmsterTime FoL-global Recall@1 64.6 #3 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition AmsterTime FoL-global Recall@10 84.3 #3 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition AmsterTime FoL-global Recall@5 88.2 #3 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Eynsham FoL Recall@1 92.4 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Eynsham FoL Recall@10 95.8 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Eynsham FoL Recall@5 96.6 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Eynsham FoL-global Recall@1 91.7 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Eynsham FoL-global Recall@10 95.3 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Eynsham FoL-global Recall@5 96.2 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary test FoL Recall@1 80.0 #3 of 12 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary test FoL Recall@10 93.0 #3 of 12 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary test FoL Recall@5 90.9 #3 of 12 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary test FoL-global Recall@1 78.7 #7 of 12 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary test FoL-global Recall@10 93.0 #7 of 12 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary test FoL-global Recall@5 90.8 #7 of 12 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary val FoL Recall@1 93.5 #5 of 18 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary val FoL Recall@10 97.6 #5 of 18 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary val FoL Recall@5 96.9 #5 of 18 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary val FoL-global Recall@1 93.1 #6 of 18 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary val FoL-global Recall@10 97.4 #6 of 18 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Mapillary val FoL-global Recall@5 96.9 #6 of 18 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland FoL Recall@1 92.6 #3 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland FoL Recall@10 98.0 #3 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland FoL Recall@5 96.9 #3 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland FoL-global Recall@1 87.8 #5 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland FoL-global Recall@10 96.4 #5 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland FoL-global Recall@5 94.5 #5 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland* (2760 queries) FoL Recall@1 85.5 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland* (2760 queries) FoL Recall@10 96.5 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland* (2760 queries) FoL Recall@5 94.6 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland* (2760 queries) FoL-global Recall@1 78.3 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland* (2760 queries) FoL-global Recall@10 94.0 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Nordland* (2760 queries) FoL-global Recall@5 90.8 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-250k-test FoL Recall@1 97.0 #1 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-250k-test FoL Recall@10 99.2 #1 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-250k-test FoL Recall@5 99.5 #1 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-250k-test FoL-global Recall@1 96.5 #4 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-250k-test FoL-global Recall@10 99.1 #4 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-250k-test FoL-global Recall@5 99.5 #4 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-30k-test FoL Recall@1 94.5 #3 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-30k-test FoL Recall@10 98.2 #3 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-30k-test FoL Recall@5 97.4 #3 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-30k-test FoL-global Recall@1 93.9 #6 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-30k-test FoL-global Recall@10 98.1 #6 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Pittsburgh-30k-test FoL-global Recall@5 97.2 #6 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Night FoL Recall@1 60.5 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Night FoL Recall@10 75.8 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Night FoL Recall@5 72.8 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Night FoL-global Recall@1 53.4 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Night FoL-global Recall@10 71.7 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Night FoL-global Recall@5 65.9 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Occlusion FoL Recall@1 61.8 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Occlusion FoL Recall@10 77.6 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Occlusion FoL Recall@5 77.6 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Occlusion FoL-global Recall@1 51.3 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Occlusion FoL-global Recall@10 73,7 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SF-XL Occlusion FoL-global Recall@5 65.8 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SPED FoL-global Recall@1 92.1 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SPED FoL-global Recall@10 98.0 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SPED FoL-global Recall@5 96.5 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SPED FoL Recall@1 91.8 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SPED FoL Recall@10 97.4 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SPED FoL Recall@5 96.5 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX FoL Recall@1 98.9 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX FoL Recall@10 99.7 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX FoL Recall@5 99.6 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX FoL-global Recall@1 98.4 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX FoL-global Recall@10 99.6 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX FoL-global Recall@5 99.4 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Night FoL Recall@1 98.8 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Night FoL Recall@10 99.9 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Night FoL Recall@5 99.8 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Night FoL-global Recall@1 98.3 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Night FoL-global Recall@10 99.6 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Night FoL-global Recall@5 99.6 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Overcast FoL Recall@1 98.2 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Overcast FoL Recall@10 99.7 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Overcast FoL Recall@5 99.3 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Overcast FoL-global Recall@1 97.9 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Overcast FoL-global Recall@10 99.3 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Overcast FoL-global Recall@5 99.2 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Rain FoL Recall@1 98.2 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Rain FoL-global Recall@1 96.5 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Snow FoL Recall@1 99.3 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Snow FoL Recall@10 99.9 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Snow FoL Recall@5 99.8 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Snow FoL-global Recall@1 99.1 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Snow FoL-global Recall@10 99.8 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Snow FoL-global Recall@5 99.7 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Sun FoL Recall@1 98.8 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Sun FoL Recall@10 99.9 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Sun FoL Recall@5 99.8 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Sun FoL- global Recall@1 98.1 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Sun FoL- global Recall@10 99.5 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition SVOX-Sun FoL- global Recall@5 99.4 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition St Lucia FoL-global Recall@1 99.9 #3 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition St Lucia FoL-global Recall@10 100 #3 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition St Lucia FoL-global Recall@5 100 #3 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition St Lucia FoL Recall@1 99.9 #4 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition St Lucia FoL Recall@10 100 #4 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition St Lucia FoL Recall@5 100 #4 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Tokyo247 FoL Recall@1 98.4 #3 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Tokyo247 FoL Recall@10 99.4 #3 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Tokyo247 FoL Recall@5 99.1 #3 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Tokyo247 FoL-global Recall@1 96.2 #7 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Tokyo247 FoL-global Recall@10 98.7 #7 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Place Recognition Tokyo247 FoL-global Recall@5 98.7 #7 of 14 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Focus

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