Papers › FactSpotter: Evaluating the Factual Faithfulness of Graph-to-Text Generation

FactSpotter: Evaluating the Factual Faithfulness of Graph-to-Text Generation

25 Oct 2023Findings of EMNLP 2023 10archive 2025-07-28

Kun Zhang, Oana Balalau, Ioana Manolescu

Graph-to-text (G2T) generation takes a graph as input and aims to generate a fluent and faith- ful textual representation of the information in the graph. The task has many applications, such as dialogue generation and question an- swering. In this work, we investigate to what extent the G2T generation problem is solved for previously studied datasets, and how pro- posed metrics perform when comparing generated texts. To help address their limitations, we propose a new metric that correctly identifies factual faithfulness, i.e., given a triple (subject, predicate, object), it decides if the triple is present in a generated text. We show that our metric FactSpotter achieves the highest correlation with human annotations on data correct- ness, data coverage, and relevance. In addition, FactSpotter can be used as a plug-in feature to improve the factual faithfulness of existing models. Finally, we investigate if existing G2T datasets are still challenging for state-of-the-art models. Our code is available online: https://github.com/guihuzhang/FactSpotter.

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guihuzhang/FactSpotter mentioned in paperpytorchMIT report

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Tasks

Data-to-Text GenerationDialogue GenerationKG-to-Text GenerationQuestion GenerationTable-to-Text GenerationText Generation

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Data-to-Text Generation DART T5B Baseline BLEU 48.47 #1 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART T5B Baseline FactSpotter 96.65 #1 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART T5B Baseline METEOR 40.74 #1 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART FactT5B BLEU 48.37 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART FactT5B FactSpotter 97.60 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART FactT5B METEOR 40.72 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline BLEU 47.51 #4 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline FactSpotter 95.86 #4 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline METEOR 40.43 #4 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART FactJointGT BLEU 47.39 #5 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART FactJointGT FactSpotter 97.25 #5 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation DART FactJointGT METEOR 40.32 #5 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG JointGT Baseline BLEU 67.08 #3 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG JointGT Baseline FactSpotter 99.09 #3 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG JointGT Baseline METEOR 48.34 #3 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG T5B Baseline BLEU 67.04 #4 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG T5B Baseline FactSpotter 99.44 #4 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG T5B Baseline METEOR 48.35 #4 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG FactT5B BLEU 67.04 #5 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG FactT5B FactSpotter 99.71 #5 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG FactT5B METEOR 48.22 #5 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG FactJointGT BLEU 66.89 #6 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG FactJointGT FactSpotter 99.67 #6 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Data-to-Text Generation WebNLG FactJointGT METEOR 48.19 #6 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) FactT5B BLEU 67.08 #1 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) FactT5B FactSpotter 99.71 #1 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) FactT5B METEOR 48.34 #1 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) JointGT Baseline BLEU 67.08 #2 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) JointGT Baseline FactSpotter 99.44 #2 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) JointGT Baseline METEOR 48.34 #2 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) T5B Baseline BLEU 67.04 #3 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) T5B Baseline FactSpotter 99.05 #3 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) T5B Baseline METEOR 48.35 #3 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) FactJointGT BLEU 66.89 #4 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) FactJointGT FactSpotter 99.67 #4 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
KG-to-Text Generation WebNLG 2.0 (Constrained) FactJointGT METEOR 48.19 #4 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Compositional FactJointGT BLEU 31.25 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Compositional FactJointGT FactSpotter 97.10 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Compositional FactJointGT METEOR 36.21 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Compositional FactT5B BLEU 31.66 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Compositional FactT5B FactSpotter 96.53 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Compositional FactT5B METEOR 35.72 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-IID FactT5B BLEU 46.10 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-IID FactT5B FactSpotter 99.50 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-IID FactT5B METEOR 42.67 #1 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-IID FactJointGT BLEU 43.61 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-IID FactJointGT FactSpotter 99.12 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-IID FactJointGT METEOR 41.65 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Zero-Shot FactJointGT FactSpotter 94.95 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Zero-Shot FactJointGT METEOR 37.55 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Zero-Shot FactJointGT bleu 32.46 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Zero-Shot FactT5B FactSpotter 95.61 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Zero-Shot FactT5B METEOR 37.39 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation GrailQA-Zero-Shot FactT5B bleu 32.39 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART T5B Baseline BERT 0.9505 #1 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART T5B Baseline BLEU 48.47 #1 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART T5B Baseline BLEURT 0.6749 #1 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART T5B Baseline FactSpotter 96.65 #1 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART T5B Baseline METEOR 0.4074 #1 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART FactT5B BERT 0.9505 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART FactT5B BLEU 48.37 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART FactT5B BLEURT 0.6743 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART FactT5B FactSpotter 97.60 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART FactT5B METEOR 0.4072 #2 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline BERT 0.9492 #3 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline BLEU 47.51 #3 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline BLEURT 0.6733 #3 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline FactSpotter 95.86 #3 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline METEOR 0.4043 #3 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART FactJointGT BERT 0.9492 #4 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART FactJointGT BLEU 47.39 #4 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART FactJointGT BLEURT 0.6726 #4 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART FactJointGT FactSpotter 97.25 #4 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Table-to-Text Generation DART FactJointGT METEOR 0.4032 #4 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART T5B Baseline BLEU 48.74 #1 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART T5B Baseline FactSpotter 96.65 #1 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART T5B Baseline METEOR 0.4074 #1 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART FactT5B BLEU 48.37 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART FactT5B FactSpotter 97.60 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART FactT5B METEOR 0.4072 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline BLEU 47.51 #3 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline FactSpotter 0.9586 #3 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART JointGT Baseline METEOR 0.4043 #3 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART FactJointGT BLEU 47.39 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART FactJointGT FactSpotter 97.25 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Text Generation DART FactJointGT METEOR 0.4032 #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

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