Papers › Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Bases

Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Bases

20 Dec 2014arXiv:1412.6575archive 2025-07-28

Bishan Yang, Wen-tau Yih, Xiaodong He, Jianfeng Gao, Li Deng

We consider learning representations of entities and relations in KBs using the neural-embedding approach. We show that most existing models, including NTN (Socher et al., 2013) and TransE (Bordes et al., 2013b), can be generalized under a unified learning framework, where entities are low-dimensional vectors learned from a neural network and relations are bilinear and/or linear mapping functions. Under this framework, we compare a variety of embedding models on the link prediction task. We show that a simple bilinear formulation achieves new state-of-the-art results for the task (achieving a top-10 accuracy of 73.2% vs. 54.7% by TransE on Freebase). Furthermore, we introduce a novel approach that utilizes the learned relation embeddings to mine logical rules such as "BornInCity(a,b) and CityInCountry(b,c) => Nationality(a,c)". We find that embeddings learned from the bilinear objective are particularly good at capturing relational semantics and that the composition of relations is characterized by matrix multiplication. More interestingly, we demonstrate that our embedding-based rule extraction approach successfully outperforms a state-of-the-art confidence-based rule mining approach in mining Horn rules that involve compositional reasoning.

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Code

Sujit-O/pykg2vec mentioned on GitHubtfMIT report
awslabs/dgl-ke mentioned on GitHubpytorchApache-2.0 report
bi-graph/emgraph mentioned on GitHubtf report
facebookresearch/PyTorch-BigGraph mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
giuseppefutia/semi mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
sntcristian/and-kge mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
thiviyant/intelligraphs mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
thu-keg/eakit mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report

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Tasks

Link Prediction

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Link Prediction FB15k-237 DistMult Hits@10 0.419 #73 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Link Prediction FB15k-237 DistMult MRR 0.241 #73 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Link Prediction UMLS DistMult Hits@10 0.846 #10 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Link Prediction UMLS DistMult MR 5.52 #10 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Link Prediction WN18 DistMult Hits@1 0.728 #29 of 37 Archive leaderboard report
Link Prediction WN18 DistMult Hits@10 0.936 #29 of 37 Archive leaderboard report
Link Prediction WN18 DistMult Hits@3 0.914 #29 of 37 Archive leaderboard report
Link Prediction WN18 DistMult MR 902 #29 of 37 Archive leaderboard report
Link Prediction WN18 DistMult MRR 0.822 #29 of 37 Archive leaderboard report
Link Prediction WN18RR DisMult Hits@1 0.39 #74 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Link Prediction WN18RR DisMult MRR 0.43 #74 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-biokg DistMult Ext. data No #14 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-biokg DistMult Number of params 187648000 #14 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-biokg DistMult Test MRR 0.8043 ± 0.0003 #14 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-biokg DistMult Validation MRR 0.8055 ± 0.0003 #14 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-wikikg2 DistMult (500dim) Ext. data No #27 of 30 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-wikikg2 DistMult (500dim) Number of params 1250569500 #27 of 30 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-wikikg2 DistMult (500dim) Test MRR 0.3729 ± 0.0045 #27 of 30 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-wikikg2 DistMult (500dim) Validation MRR 0.3506 ± 0.0042 #27 of 30 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-wikikg2 DistMult (100dim) Ext. data No #28 of 30 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-wikikg2 DistMult (100dim) Number of params 250113900 #28 of 30 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-wikikg2 DistMult (100dim) Test MRR 0.3447 ± 0.0082 #28 of 30 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-wikikg2 DistMult (100dim) Validation MRR 0.3150 ± 0.0088 #28 of 30 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

TransE

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