Papers › DEPLAIN: A German Parallel Corpus with Intralingual Translations into Plain Language...

DEPLAIN: A German Parallel Corpus with Intralingual Translations into Plain Language for Sentence and Document Simplification

30 May 2023arXiv:2305.18939archive 2025-07-28

Regina Stodden, Omar Momen, Laura Kallmeyer

Text simplification is an intralingual translation task in which documents, or sentences of a complex source text are simplified for a target audience. The success of automatic text simplification systems is highly dependent on the quality of parallel data used for training and evaluation. To advance sentence simplification and document simplification in German, this paper presents DEplain, a new dataset of parallel, professionally written and manually aligned simplifications in plain German ("plain DE" or in German: "Einfache Sprache"). DEplain consists of a news domain (approx. 500 document pairs, approx. 13k sentence pairs) and a web-domain corpus (approx. 150 aligned documents, approx. 2k aligned sentence pairs). In addition, we are building a web harvester and experimenting with automatic alignment methods to facilitate the integration of non-aligned and to be published parallel documents. Using this approach, we are dynamically increasing the web domain corpus, so it is currently extended to approx. 750 document pairs and approx. 3.5k aligned sentence pairs. We show that using DEplain to train a transformer-based seq2seq text simplification model can achieve promising results. We make available the corpus, the adapted alignment methods for German, the web harvester and the trained models here: https://github.com/rstodden/DEPlain.

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Code

rstodden/deplain officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHub report

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Tasks

2kSentenceText Simplification

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

DEplain-APA-docDEplain-APA-sentDEplain-web-docDEplain-web-sent

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc) BLEU 38.136 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc) BertScore (Precision) 0.598 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc) FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 65.4 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 44.56 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc) BLEU 36.449 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc) BertScore (Precision) 0.589 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc) FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 65.4 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 42.862 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc) BLEU 12.913 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc) BertScore (Precision) 0.475 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc) FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 59.55 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 35.02 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent) BLEU 28.506 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent) BertScore (Precision) 0.64 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent) FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 62.669 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 34.904 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent) BLEU 28.25 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent) BertScore (Precision) 0.639 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent) FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 63.072 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 34.818 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc) BLEU 23.37 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc) BertScore (Precision) 0.445 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc) FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 57.95 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 49.745 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc) BLEU 23.282 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc) BertScore (Precision) 0.462 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc) FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 63.5 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 49.584 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc) BLEU 21.9 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc) BertScore (Precision) 0.377 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc) FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 64.7 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 43.087 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent) BLEU 17.88 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent) BertScore (Precision) 0.436 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent) FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 65.249 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 34.828 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent) BLEU 15.727 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent) BertScore (Precision) 0.413 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent) FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 64.516 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Text Simplification DEplain-web-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 30.867 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

LongformerSeq2SeqmBART

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