Papers › DenseNets Reloaded: Paradigm Shift Beyond ResNets and ViTs

DenseNets Reloaded: Paradigm Shift Beyond ResNets and ViTs

28 Mar 2024arXiv:2403.19588archive 2025-07-28

Donghyun Kim, Byeongho Heo, Dongyoon Han

This paper revives Densely Connected Convolutional Networks (DenseNets) and reveals the underrated effectiveness over predominant ResNet-style architectures. We believe DenseNets' potential was overlooked due to untouched training methods and traditional design elements not fully revealing their capabilities. Our pilot study shows dense connections through concatenation are strong, demonstrating that DenseNets can be revitalized to compete with modern architectures. We methodically refine suboptimal components - architectural adjustments, block redesign, and improved training recipes towards widening DenseNets and boosting memory efficiency while keeping concatenation shortcuts. Our models, employing simple architectural elements, ultimately surpass Swin Transformer, ConvNeXt, and DeiT-III - key architectures in the residual learning lineage. Furthermore, our models exhibit near state-of-the-art performance on ImageNet-1K, competing with the very recent models and downstream tasks, ADE20k semantic segmentation, and COCO object detection/instance segmentation. Finally, we provide empirical analyses that uncover the merits of the concatenation over additive shortcuts, steering a renewed preference towards DenseNet-style designs. Our code is available at https://github.com/naver-ai/rdnet.

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huggingface/pytorch-image-models officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorchApache-2.0 report
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3ran · honoured contract

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Tasks

Fine-Grained Image ClassificationImage ClassificationInstance SegmentationObject DetectionSemantic Segmentationobject-detection

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-S (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Accuracy 94.2% #51 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-S (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) FLOPS 8.7G #51 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-S (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) PARAMS 50M #51 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-L (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Accuracy 94.2% #52 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-L (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) FLOPS 34.7G #52 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-L (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) PARAMS 186M #52 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-B (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Accuracy 94.1% #53 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-B (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) FLOPS 15.4G #53 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-B (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) PARAMS 87M #53 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-T (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Accuracy 93.9% #59 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-T (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) FLOPS 5.0G #59 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Fine-Grained Image Classification Stanford Cars RDNet-T (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) PARAMS 24M #59 of 83 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification CIFAR-10 RDNet-L (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Percentage correct 99.31 #8 of 265 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification CIFAR-10 RDNet-B (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Percentage correct 99.31 #9 of 265 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification CIFAR-10 RDNet-T (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Percentage correct 98.88 #28 of 265 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-L (384 res) GFLOPs 34.7 #197 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-L (384 res) Number of params 186M #197 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-L (384 res) Top 1 Accuracy 85.8% #197 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-L GFLOPs 34.7 #292 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-L Number of params 186M #292 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-L Top 1 Accuracy 84.8% #292 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-B GFLOPs 15.4 #320 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-B Number of params 87M #320 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-B Top 1 Accuracy 84.4% #320 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-S GFLOPs 8.7 #395 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-S Number of params 50M #395 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-S Top 1 Accuracy 83.7% #395 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-T GFLOPs 5.0 #496 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-T Number of params 24M #496 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet RDNet-T Top 1 Accuracy 82.8% #496 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2018 RDNet-L (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Number of params 186M #12 of 60 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2018 RDNet-L (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Top-1 Accuracy 81.8% #12 of 60 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2018 RDNet-B (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Number of params 87M #16 of 60 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2018 RDNet-B (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Top-1 Accuracy 80.5 #16 of 60 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2018 RDNet-S (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Number of params 50M #20 of 60 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2018 RDNet-S (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Top-1 Accuracy 79.1 #20 of 60 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2018 RDNet-T (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Number of params 24M #24 of 60 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2018 RDNet-T (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Top-1 Accuracy 77.0 #24 of 60 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2019 RDNet-L (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Number of params 186M #5 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2019 RDNet-L (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Top-1 Accuracy 83.7 #5 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2019 RDNet-B (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Number of params 87M #6 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2019 RDNet-B (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Top-1 Accuracy 83.5 #6 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2019 RDNet-S (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Number of params 50M #7 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2019 RDNet-S (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Top-1 Accuracy 82.9 #7 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2019 RDNet-T (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Number of params 24M #11 of 22 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification iNaturalist 2019 RDNet-T (224 res, IN-1K pretrained) Top-1 Accuracy 81.2 #11 of 22 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Introduced by this paper: RDNet

Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionBPEConvNeXtDense ConnectionsDropoutLabel SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerRDNetResidual ConnectionSoftmaxStochastic DepthSwin TransformerTransformer

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