Papers › Cross-domain Speech Recognition with Unsupervised Character-level Distribution Matching

Cross-domain Speech Recognition with Unsupervised Character-level Distribution Matching

15 Apr 2021arXiv:2104.07491archive 2025-07-28

Wenxin Hou, Jindong Wang, Xu Tan, Tao Qin, Takahiro Shinozaki

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) can achieve promising performance with large-scale training data. However, it is known that domain mismatch between training and testing data often leads to a degradation of recognition accuracy. In this work, we focus on the unsupervised domain adaptation for ASR and propose CMatch, a Character-level distribution matching method to perform fine-grained adaptation between each character in two domains. First, to obtain labels for the features belonging to each character, we achieve frame-level label assignment using the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) pseudo labels. Then, we match the character-level distributions using Maximum Mean Discrepancy. We train our algorithm using the self-training technique. Experiments on the Libri-Adapt dataset show that our proposed approach achieves 14.39% and 16.50% relative Word Error Rate (WER) reduction on both cross-device and cross-environment ASR. We also comprehensively analyze the different strategies for frame-level label assignment and Transformer adaptations.

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Tasks

Automatic Speech Recognition Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)Cross-device ASR Cross-environment ASR Domain Adaptation Speech Recognition Unsupervised Domain Adaptation speech-recognition

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Absolute Position Encodings Adam Attention BPE Dense Connections Dropout Label Smoothing Layer Normalization Linear Layer Multi-Head Attention Position-Wise Feed-Forward Layer Residual Connection Softmax Transformer

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