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BigSSL: Exploring the Frontier of Large-Scale Semi-Supervised Learning for Automatic Speech Recognition
Yu Zhang, Daniel S. Park, Wei Han, James Qin, Anmol Gulati, Joel Shor, Aren Jansen, Yuanzhong Xu, Yanping Huang, Shibo Wang, Zongwei Zhou, Bo Li, Min Ma, William Chan, Jiahui Yu, Yongqiang Wang, Liangliang Cao, Khe Chai Sim, Bhuvana Ramabhadran, Tara N. Sainath, Françoise Beaufays, Zhifeng Chen, Quoc V. Le, Chung-Cheng Chiu, Ruoming Pang, Yonghui Wu
We summarize the results of a host of efforts using giant automatic speech recognition (ASR) models pre-trained using large, diverse unlabeled datasets containing approximately a million hours of audio. We find that the combination of pre-training, self-training and scaling up model size greatly increases data efficiency, even for extremely large tasks with tens of thousands of hours of labeled data. In particular, on an ASR task with 34k hours of labeled data, by fine-tuning an 8 billion parameter pre-trained Conformer model we can match state-of-the-art (SoTA) performance with only 3% of the training data and significantly improve SoTA with the full training set. We also report on the universal benefits gained from using big pre-trained and self-trained models for a large set of downstream tasks that cover a wide range of speech domains and span multiple orders of magnitudes of dataset sizes, including obtaining SoTA performance on many public benchmarks. In addition, we utilize the learned representation of pre-trained networks to achieve SoTA results on non-ASR tasks.
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Tasks
Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28
| Task | Dataset | Model | Metric | Value | Rank at snapshot | Leaderboard | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language Identification | VoxForge | ConformerG-P | Accuracy | 99.8 | #1 of 1 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Speech Emotion Recognition | CREMA-D | ConformerXL-P | Accuracy | 88.2 | #2 of 9 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Speech Recognition | AMI IMH | ConformerXXL-P + Downstream NST | Word Error Rate (WER) | 7.8 | #1 of 2 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Speech Recognition | AMI SDM1 | ConformerXXL-P | Word Error Rate (WER) | 17.7 | #1 of 2 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Speech Recognition | CHiME-6 dev_gss12 | ConformerXXL-PS | Word Error Rate (WER) | 26.2 | #2 of 4 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Speech Recognition | CHiME-6 eval | ConformerXXL-PS | Word Error Rate (WER) | 31 | #2 of 3 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Speech Recognition | Common Voice | ConformerXXL-P + Downstream NST | Test WER | 7.7% | #1 of 2 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Speech Recognition | TED-LIUM | ConformerXXL-PS | Word Error Rate (WER) | 5 | #2 of 2 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Speech Recognition | WSJ eval92 | ConformerXXL-P | Word Error Rate (WER) | 1.3 | #2 of 17 | Archive leaderboard | report |
Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.
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