Papers › AxCell: Automatic Extraction of Results from Machine Learning Papers

AxCell: Automatic Extraction of Results from Machine Learning Papers

29 Apr 2020EMNLP 2020 11arXiv:2004.14356archive 2025-07-28

Marcin Kardas, Piotr Czapla, Pontus Stenetorp, Sebastian Ruder, Sebastian Riedel, Ross Taylor, Robert Stojnic

Tracking progress in machine learning has become increasingly difficult with the recent explosion in the number of papers. In this paper, we present AxCell, an automatic machine learning pipeline for extracting results from papers. AxCell uses several novel components, including a table segmentation subtask, to learn relevant structural knowledge that aids extraction. When compared with existing methods, our approach significantly improves the state of the art for results extraction. We also release a structured, annotated dataset for training models for results extraction, and a dataset for evaluating the performance of models on this task. Lastly, we show the viability of our approach enables it to be used for semi-automated results extraction in production, suggesting our improvements make this task practically viable for the first time. Code is available on GitHub.

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annotations paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/optimize.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 53bc9344cc348810 · report
load_references paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/cache.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 83f38dae7103f51b · report
load_structure paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/cache.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · ad584250d25d1fb1 · report
load_tags paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/cache.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · e150c098756c6b8e · report
precision paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/evaluate.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 7fc6d3a39db0d9de · report
read_arxiv_papers paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/datasets.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 4360ff7024678437 · report
recall paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/evaluate.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · f02f73aa554eecb3 · report
ro_bind paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/latex_converter.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · f8b1fe756d77cd7e · report
rw_bind paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/latex_converter.py official repository ran Apache-2.0 (permissive) · f05aaf2be87524df · report
estimate_context_noise paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/optimize.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 86fb74ea9103b92b · report
estimate_noises paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/optimize.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 3387a9ba01a1d9a2 · report
norm_score_str paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/evaluate.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · b75165430b90d460 · report
read_tables_annotations paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/datasets.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 02b6a005a3d5a4bb · report
table_to_html paperswithcode/axcell/axcell/helpers/jupyter.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 4767e70065da93cd · report

Tasks

BIG-bench Machine LearningScientific Results Extraction

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

ArxivPapersLinkedResultsPWC LeaderboardsSegmentedTables

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Scientific Results Extraction NLP-TDMS (Exp, arXiv only) AxCell Macro F1 19.7 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction NLP-TDMS (Exp, arXiv only) AxCell Macro Precision 20.2 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction NLP-TDMS (Exp, arXiv only) AxCell Macro Recall 20.6 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction NLP-TDMS (Exp, arXiv only) AxCell Micro F1 25.8 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction NLP-TDMS (Exp, arXiv only) AxCell Micro Precision 27.4 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction NLP-TDMS (Exp, arXiv only) AxCell Micro Recall 24.4 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction PWC Leaderboards (restricted) AxCell Macro F1 21.1 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction PWC Leaderboards (restricted) AxCell Macro Precision 24 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction PWC Leaderboards (restricted) AxCell Macro Recall 21.8 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction PWC Leaderboards (restricted) AxCell Micro F1 28.7 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction PWC Leaderboards (restricted) AxCell Micro Precision 37.4 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Scientific Results Extraction PWC Leaderboards (restricted) AxCell Micro Recall 23.2 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

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