PT Hate Speech

The PT Hate Speech is a valuable resource for studying hate speech in the Portuguese language. Here are the key details about this dataset:

1. Composition:
2. The dataset consists of 5,668 tweets written in Portuguese.

3. Annotators labeled these tweets using two different schemes based on their expertise levels.

4. Annotation Schemes:

5. Non-experts initially annotated the tweets using binary labels: either 'hate' or 'no-hate'.

6. Expert annotators then classified the tweets using a fine-grained hierarchical multiple label scheme. This scheme includes 81 hate speech categories in total.

7. Hierarchical Annotation Scheme:

8. The hierarchical approach allows for identifying different types of hate speech and their intersections.

9. The inter-annotator agreement varied across categories, reflecting the nuanced nature of hate speech perception.

10. Usefulness and Baseline Experiment:

11. To demonstrate the dataset's usefulness, a baseline classification experiment was conducted using pre-trained word embeddings and LSTM models.
12. The results achieved a state-of-the-art outcome.

Source: Conversation with Bing, 3/16/2024 (1) A Hierarchically-Labeled Portuguese Hate Speech Dataset. https://aclanthology.org/W19-3510/. (2) A Hierarchically-Labeled Portuguese Hate Speech Dataset - ACL Anthology. https://aclanthology.org/W19-3510.pdf. (3) A Hierarchically-Labeled Portuguese Hate Speech Dataset. https://paperswithcode.com/paper/a-hierarchically-labeled-portuguese-hate. (4) undefined. https://aclanthology.org/W19-3510.