{"url":"/dataset/pt-hate-speech","name":"PT Hate Speech","full_name":null,"description_markdown":"The **PT Hate Speech** is a valuable resource for studying hate speech in the Portuguese language. Here are the key details about this dataset:\r\n\r\n1. **Composition**:\r\n   - The dataset consists of **5,668 tweets** written in Portuguese.\r\n   - Annotators labeled these tweets using two different schemes based on their expertise levels.\r\n\r\n2. **Annotation Schemes**:\r\n   - **Non-experts** initially annotated the tweets using **binary labels**: either **'hate'** or **'no-hate'**.\r\n   - **Expert annotators** then classified the tweets using a **fine-grained hierarchical multiple label scheme**. This scheme includes **81 hate speech categories** in total.\r\n\r\n3. **Hierarchical Annotation Scheme**:\r\n   - The hierarchical approach allows for identifying different types of hate speech and their intersections.\r\n   - The inter-annotator agreement varied across categories, reflecting the nuanced nature of hate speech perception.\r\n\r\n4. **Usefulness and Baseline Experiment**:\r\n   - To demonstrate the dataset's usefulness, a **baseline classification experiment** was conducted using pre-trained word embeddings and LSTM models.\r\n   - The results achieved a **state-of-the-art outcome**.\r\n\r\nSource: Conversation with Bing, 3/16/2024\r\n(1) A Hierarchically-Labeled Portuguese Hate Speech Dataset. https://aclanthology.org/W19-3510/.\r\n(2) A Hierarchically-Labeled Portuguese Hate Speech Dataset - ACL Anthology. https://aclanthology.org/W19-3510.pdf.\r\n(3) A Hierarchically-Labeled Portuguese Hate Speech Dataset. https://paperswithcode.com/paper/a-hierarchically-labeled-portuguese-hate.\r\n(4) undefined. https://aclanthology.org/W19-3510.","description_withheld":null,"homepage":"https://github.com/paulafortuna/Portuguese-Hate-Speech-Dataset","introduced_date":"2019-08-01","introduced_date_note":null,"introduced_by":{"paper":"/paper/a-hierarchically-labeled-portuguese-hate","title":"A Hierarchically-Labeled Portuguese Hate Speech Dataset","first_author":"Paula Fortuna","url":null},"license":null,"modalities":[],"tasks":[],"languages":[],"variants":["PT Hate Speech"],"data_loaders":[],"num_papers_in_archive":3,"source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28"},"benchmarks":[],"papers_with_a_benchmark_row":[],"syntology_totals":{"read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","papers_with_samples":0,"samples_harvested":0,"samples_ran":0,"samples_unverified":0,"pointer_only_for_licence":0,"papers_with_no_sample_that_ran":0,"note":"the per-paper counts above, summed; not a rate"},"papers_note":"The archive never published its papers-using-dataset list; these are papers with a leaderboard row on this dataset's benchmarks."}