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Words in Context Benchmark (Word Sense Disambiguation)
The task of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) consists of associating words in context with their most suitable entry in a pre-defined sense inventory. The de-facto sense inventory for English in WSD is WordNet.. For example, given the word “mouse” and the following sentence:
“A mouse consists of an object held in one's hand, with one or more buttons.”
we would assign “mouse” with its electronic device sense (the 4th sense in the WordNet sense inventory).
The archive carries no text for this table; the description above is the archive's text for the task Word Sense Disambiguation. archive 2025-07-28
Over time archive 2025-07-28
The chart needs JavaScript; the table below carries every value.
Direction inferred from the metric name, not from the archive: Accuracy (higher is better). Points are placed at the row's paper date; 37 of 37 rows carry one.
Results archive 2025-07-28
Archive rows end at the archive snapshot, 2025-07-28: no result published after that date is in this table. Rank is the archive's row order at that snapshot; not re-ranked here. Metric values are the archive's strings. Column headers sort the table in your browser; each row keeps its archive rank.
| Paper | Code | Ran Syntology | Report | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | COSINE + Transductive Learning | 85.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | 0 of 5 ran · 5 unverified | report |
| 2 | PaLM 540B (finetuned) | 78.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 30 of 37 ran · 7 unverified | report |
| 3 | ST-MoE-32B 269B (fine-tuned) | 77.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 5 of 5 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 4 | DeBERTa-Ensemble | 77.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | 4 of 13 ran · 9 unverified | report |
| 5 | Vega v2 6B (fine-tuned) | 77.4 | – | Paper | – | 2022 | no code linked | report |
| 6 | UL2 20B (fine-tuned) | 77.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 0 of 16 ran · 16 unverified | report |
| 7 | Turing NLR v5 XXL 5.4B (fine-tuned) | 77.1 | – | Paper | – | 2022 | no code linked | report |
| 8 | T5-XXL 11B | 76.9 | – | Paper | Code | 2019 | 2 of 31 ran · 29 unverified | report |
| 9 | DeBERTa-1.5B | 76.4 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | 4 of 13 ran · 9 unverified | report |
| 10 | ST-MoE-L 4.1B (fine-tuned) | 74 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 5 of 5 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 11 | SenseBERT-large 340M | 72.1 | – | Paper | – | 2019 | no code linked | report |
| 12 | SenseBERT-base 110M | 70.3 | – | Paper | – | 2019 | no code linked | report |
| 13 | PaLM 2-L (one-shot) | 66.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 14 | BERT-large 340M | 65.5 | – | Paper | – | 2018 | no code linked | report |
| 15 | FLAN-T5-Large 783M | 64.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 16 | LaMini-F-T5 783M | 63.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 17 | Context2vec | 59.3 | – | Paper | – | 2018 | no code linked | report |
| 18 | DeConf | 58.7 | – | Paper | – | 2018 | no code linked | report |
| 19 | SW2V | 58.1 | – | Paper | – | 2018 | no code linked | report |
| 20 | ElMo | 57.7 | – | Paper | – | 2018 | no code linked | report |
| 21 | T0-3B (CoT fine-tuned) | 56.7 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 22 | N-Grammer 343M | 56.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 0 of 6 ran · 6 unverified | report |
| 23 | AlexaTM 20B | 53.3 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 1 of 1 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 24 | Sentence LSTM | 53.1 | – | Paper | – | 2018 | no code linked | report |
| 25 | RoE-3B | 52.97 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | 3 of 3 ran · 0 unverified | report |
| 26 | LaMini-GPT 1.5B | 52.4 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 27 | KiC-770M | 52.40 | – | Paper | – | 2022 | no code linked | report |
| 28 | PaLM 2-M (one-shot) | 52.0 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 29 | Hybrid H3 125M (0-shot, logit scoring) | 51.4 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 7 of 15 ran · 8 unverified | report |
| 30 | Hybrid H3 125M (0-shot, rank classification) | 51.4 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 7 of 15 ran · 8 unverified | report |
| 31 | PaLM 2-S (one-shot) | 50.6 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 32 | LaMini-T5 738M | 50.5 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 33 | Flipped-3B | 50.42 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 34 | GPT-2-XL 1.5B | 49.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 35 | UL2 20B (0-shot) | 49.8 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 0 of 16 ran · 16 unverified | report |
| 36 | GPT-3 175B (few-shot, k=32) | 49.4 | – | Paper | Code | 2020 | 15 of 65 ran · 50 unverified | report |
| 37 | Hybrid H3 125M (3-shot, logit scoring) | 49.1 | – | Paper | Code | 2022 | 7 of 15 ran · 8 unverified | report |
All 37 rows shown. 37 link to a paper page on this site; 0 are marked as using additional training data in the archive. No GitHub stars are tracked; "Code" is the first repository the archive lists for the row. The archive carries no row tags, review links or community-submitted rows for this table; none are shown. archive 2025-07-28
Syntology Ran reads "N of M ran · U unverified": of the M code samples Syntology harvested from repositories linked to that row's paper (joined by arXiv id), N executed on a synthesized input and the other U = M−N are unverified (harvested, no recorded run). It counts code from repositories linked to that row's paper, not this result: the row's number was not reproduced and nothing here is a correctness claim. The other cell texts mean no graph line for the row: "linked, not harvested" (the archive links code, Syntology has not harvested it), "no code linked" (no code link in the archive), "not matched" (the row's paper URL matched no paper on this site). 16 rows have a graph line, from 11 distinct papers; 12 rows (8 papers) have at least one sample that ran. Counting each paper once: Syntology ran 67 of 197 samples; 130 unverified. Separately, 15 of those 197 are pointer-only (licence): the site points at that code rather than redistributing it, a licence property recorded for ran and unverified samples alike; each cell's tooltip carries the row's own pointer-only count. Read from the graph 2026-09-24. Per-sample status is on the paper page.
Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections