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PACS Benchmark (Photo to Rest Generalization)
It is the practical scenario of training on set of easy-to-collect real photographs and evaluate on the rest of diverse-styled domains (art, cartoon, sketch). Photo-to-rest generalization is a special case of the single-source domain generalization (SSDG) task.
Using only real photographs for training is the only way for SSDG to be compatible with ImageNet pre-trained networks. For any other domain as source, access to the photo domain through ImageNet pre-training violates the hypothesis of the task of a single domain seen during training, taking the task closer to the multy-source domain generalization (MSDG). Finaly pre-training on imagenet, training on a non real photograph domain and testing on real photographs violates the SSDG hypothesis that the target domain should not be used during training.
A large part of the generalization community chooses only this task over SSDG for pre-trained networks and for datasets that contain the photo domain.
The archive carries no text for this table; the description above is the archive's text for the task Photo to Rest Generalization. archive 2025-07-28
Over time archive 2025-07-28
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Direction inferred from the metric name, not from the archive: Accuracy (higher is better). Points are placed at the row's paper date; 8 of 8 rows carry one.
Results archive 2025-07-28
Archive rows end at the archive snapshot, 2025-07-28: no result published after that date is in this table. Rank is the archive's row order at that snapshot; not re-ranked here. Metric values are the archive's strings. Column headers sort the table in your browser; each row keeps its archive rank.
| Paper | Code | Ran Syntology | Report | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crafting-Shifts(ResNet18) | 65.85 | – | Paper | Code | 2024 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 2 | ProRandConv (ResNet18) | 62.89 | – | Paper | – | 2023 | no code linked | report |
| 3 | Crafting-Shifts(AlexNet) | 60.97 | – | Paper | Code | 2024 | linked, not harvested | report |
| 4 | MCL (ResNet18) | 59.6 | – | Paper | – | 2023 | no code linked | report |
| 5 | ABA (ResNet18) | 59.04 | – | Paper | Code | 2023 | 4 of 5 ran · 1 unverified | report |
| 6 | MetaCNN (AlexNet) | 57.17 | – | Paper | – | 2022 | no code linked | report |
| 7 | CADA (ResNet18) | 56.65 | – | Paper | – | 2023 | no code linked | report |
| 8 | PACS (AlexNet) | 55.24 | – | Paper | Code | 2021 | 1 of 1 ran · 0 unverified | report |
All 8 rows shown. 8 link to a paper page on this site; 0 are marked as using additional training data in the archive. No GitHub stars are tracked; "Code" is the first repository the archive lists for the row. The archive carries no row tags, review links or community-submitted rows for this table; none are shown. archive 2025-07-28
Syntology Ran reads "N of M ran · U unverified": of the M code samples Syntology harvested from repositories linked to that row's paper (joined by arXiv id), N executed on a synthesized input and the other U = M−N are unverified (harvested, no recorded run). It counts code from repositories linked to that row's paper, not this result: the row's number was not reproduced and nothing here is a correctness claim. The other cell texts mean no graph line for the row: "linked, not harvested" (the archive links code, Syntology has not harvested it), "no code linked" (no code link in the archive), "not matched" (the row's paper URL matched no paper on this site). 2 rows have a graph line, from 2 distinct papers; 2 rows (2 papers) have at least one sample that ran. Counting each paper once: Syntology ran 5 of 6 samples; 1 unverified. Separately, 6 of those 6 are pointer-only (licence): the site points at that code rather than redistributing it, a licence property recorded for ran and unverified samples alike; each cell's tooltip carries the row's own pointer-only count. Read from the graph 2026-09-24. Per-sample status is on the paper page.
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