Papers › word2word: A Collection of Bilingual Lexicons for 3,564 Language Pairs

word2word: A Collection of Bilingual Lexicons for 3,564 Language Pairs

27 Nov 2019LREC 2020 5arXiv:1911.12019archive 2025-07-28

Yo Joong Choe, Kyubyong Park, Dongwoo Kim

We present word2word, a publicly available dataset and an open-source Python package for cross-lingual word translations extracted from sentence-level parallel corpora. Our dataset provides top-k word translations in 3,564 (directed) language pairs across 62 languages in OpenSubtitles2018 (Lison et al., 2018). To obtain this dataset, we use a count-based bilingual lexicon extraction model based on the observation that not only source and target words but also source words themselves can be highly correlated. We illustrate that the resulting bilingual lexicons have high coverage and attain competitive translation quality for several language pairs. We wrap our dataset and model in an easy-to-use Python library, which supports downloading and retrieving top-k word translations in any of the supported language pairs as well as computing top-k word translations for custom parallel corpora.

PaperPDFConference PDFCodeCode Syntology ran

In Syntology Open this paper in Syntology's Atlas, the map of the papers in Syntology's graph and their citations.

For agents, Syntology's MCP tool lists every function and class Syntology harvested from this paper and whether it ran (how to connect): get_harvested_code_for_paper(arxiv_id="1911.12019")

Code

Syntology Ran 2 of 12 code samples harvested from 2 repositories linked to this paper; 10 have no recorded run. Of those that ran: 2 ran · our draft was wrong.

By repository: community (archive-listed): 12 samples from 2 repositories, 2 ran. The run record, sample by sample. “Ran” means executed on a synthesized input, not that the code is correct or reproduces the paper.

Kyubyong/word2word mentioned on GitHubApache-2.0 report
kakaobrain/word2word mentioned on GitHub report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

12 samples harvested; 2 ran; 0 honoured the contract we drafted; 10 have no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-24; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.

2ran · our draft was wrong
10unverified

Licence: 0 of the 12 samples are pointer only, meaning Syntology does not serve that copy's text. This page shows no code text for any sample; each one links to its file in the repository.

Harvested from 2 repositories linked to this paper, official or community; each sample names its own and says which. “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized input. It does not mean the output is correct, and nothing here reproduces the paper's results. “Honoured” and “violated” refer to a contract Syntology drafted from the code itself; “our draft was wrong” and “fixture could not drive it” are failures of Syntology's instrument, not of the code.

Each sample ends with its code_sha256, Syntology's identity for that exact code. An agent fetches the stored sample with Syntology's MCP tool get_code(code_sha256="…") (how to connect); click an identity to copy that call.

Repository labels, per sample. official repository: The archive marks this repository official for the paper. named in the paper: The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official. community (archive-listed): In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper. found in paper text by Syntology: Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted. community: Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested. Samples from a repository marked official are listed first. Licence labels name the repository's licence as recorded at harvest. “Pointer only” means Syntology does not serve that copy's text, for one of four reasons: no licence file was found; the licence was not identified; the licence is recorded as permissive but that copy's record is not marked cleared; or the licence is outside the permissive list Syntology serves text under (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD and similar). Some licences outside that list permit redistribution, such as WTFPL, and GPL-3.0 under its conditions; they are simply not on the list. Hover a licence label for the reason. File links open the file on GitHub at the default branch, which may have changed since the harvest.

get_trans_co kakaobrain/word2word/word2word/methods.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong Apache-2.0 (permissive) · d9951e08e23cfb5e · report
rerank kakaobrain/word2word/word2word/methods.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 91ef2e84a38bc63c · report
convert_google_translate Kyubyong/word2word/google_grader.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 0d33bb20d13f72b5 · report
exists Kyubyong/word2word/word2word/utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · b4213b13fbb65ec1 · report
get_download_url Kyubyong/word2word/word2word/utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 4b2978de4060aa1c · report
get_google_translate Kyubyong/word2word/google_grader.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 028299bfe6ab9a2c · report
get_savedir Kyubyong/word2word/word2word/utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · cd493b05c9546aa3 · report
get_survey_summary_reference Kyubyong/word2word/google_grader.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 0297c4a1fef5186d · report
load_tokenizer Kyubyong/word2word/word2word/tokenization.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 349ed3bbc388de65 · report
process_line Kyubyong/word2word/word2word/tokenization.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 00f3aa78f7c4246f · report
rerank_mp kakaobrain/word2word/word2word/methods.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · ffa747727408d325 · report
word_segment Kyubyong/word2word/word2word/tokenization.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 3fbb2428068ca79f · report

Tasks

SentenceTranslation

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

word2word

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

No leaderboard rows for this paper in the archive.

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections