Papers › Differentiable Voxel-based X-ray Rendering Improves Sparse-View 3D CBCT Reconstruction

Differentiable Voxel-based X-ray Rendering Improves Sparse-View 3D CBCT Reconstruction

28 Nov 2024arXiv:2411.19224archive 2025-07-28

Mohammadhossein Momeni, Vivek Gopalakrishnan, Neel Dey, Polina Golland, Sarah Frisken

We present DiffVox, a self-supervised framework for Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) reconstruction by directly optimizing a voxelgrid representation using physics-based differentiable X-ray rendering. Further, we investigate how the different implementations of the X-ray image formation model in the renderer affect the quality of 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis. When combined with our regularized voxel-based learning framework, we find that using an exact implementation of the discrete Beer-Lambert law for X-ray attenuation in the renderer outperforms both widely used iterative CBCT reconstruction algorithms and modern neural field approaches, particularly when given only a few input views. As a result, we reconstruct high-fidelity 3D CBCT volumes from fewer X-rays, potentially reducing ionizing radiation exposure and improving diagnostic utility. Our implementation is available at https://github.com/hossein-momeni/DiffVox.

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