Papers › ViTAE: Vision Transformer Advanced by Exploring Intrinsic Inductive Bias

ViTAE: Vision Transformer Advanced by Exploring Intrinsic Inductive Bias

7 Jun 2021NeurIPS 2021 12arXiv:2106.03348archive 2025-07-28

Yufei Xu, Qiming Zhang, Jing Zhang, DaCheng Tao

Transformers have shown great potential in various computer vision tasks owing to their strong capability in modeling long-range dependency using the self-attention mechanism. Nevertheless, vision transformers treat an image as 1D sequence of visual tokens, lacking an intrinsic inductive bias (IB) in modeling local visual structures and dealing with scale variance. Alternatively, they require large-scale training data and longer training schedules to learn the IB implicitly. In this paper, we propose a novel Vision Transformer Advanced by Exploring intrinsic IB from convolutions, ie, ViTAE. Technically, ViTAE has several spatial pyramid reduction modules to downsample and embed the input image into tokens with rich multi-scale context by using multiple convolutions with different dilation rates. In this way, it acquires an intrinsic scale invariance IB and is able to learn robust feature representation for objects at various scales. Moreover, in each transformer layer, ViTAE has a convolution block in parallel to the multi-head self-attention module, whose features are fused and fed into the feed-forward network. Consequently, it has the intrinsic locality IB and is able to learn local features and global dependencies collaboratively. Experiments on ImageNet as well as downstream tasks prove the superiority of ViTAE over the baseline transformer and concurrent works. Source code and pretrained models will be available at GitHub.

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Tasks

Image ClassificationInductive BiasObject DetectionVideo Object Segmentation

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-B-Stage GFLOPs 27.6 #414 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-B-Stage Number of params 48.5M #414 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-B-Stage Top 1 Accuracy 83.6% #414 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-S-Stage GFLOPs 12.0 #561 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-S-Stage Number of params 19.2M #561 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-S-Stage Top 1 Accuracy 82.2% #561 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-13M GFLOPs 6.8 #670 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-13M Number of params 13.2M #670 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-13M Top 1 Accuracy 81% #670 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-6M GFLOPs 4 #860 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-6M Number of params 6.5M #860 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-6M Top 1 Accuracy 77.9% #860 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-T-Stage GFLOPs 4.6 #897 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-T-Stage Number of params 4.8M #897 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-T-Stage Top 1 Accuracy 76.8% #897 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-T GFLOPs 3.0 #952 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Image Classification ImageNet ViTAE-T Top 1 Accuracy 75.3% #952 of 1060 Archive leaderboard report
Video Object Segmentation DAVIS 2016 ViTAE-T-Stage F-Score 90.4 #13 of 24 Archive leaderboard report
Video Object Segmentation DAVIS 2016 ViTAE-T-Stage J&F 89.8 #13 of 24 Archive leaderboard report
Video Object Segmentation DAVIS 2016 ViTAE-T-Stage Jaccard (Mean) 89.2 #13 of 24 Archive leaderboard report
Video Object Segmentation DAVIS 2017 ViTAE-T-Stage F-Score 85.5 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Video Object Segmentation DAVIS 2017 ViTAE-T-Stage J&F 82.5 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Video Object Segmentation DAVIS 2017 ViTAE-T-Stage Jaccard (Mean) 79.4 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionBPEConvolutionDense ConnectionsDropoutLabel SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerResidual ConnectionSoftmaxTransformerVision Transformer

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