Papers › VinVL: Revisiting Visual Representations in Vision-Language Models

VinVL: Revisiting Visual Representations in Vision-Language Models

2 Jan 2021CVPR 2021 1arXiv:2101.00529archive 2025-07-28

Pengchuan Zhang, Xiujun Li, Xiaowei Hu, Jianwei Yang, Lei Zhang, Lijuan Wang, Yejin Choi, Jianfeng Gao

This paper presents a detailed study of improving visual representations for vision language (VL) tasks and develops an improved object detection model to provide object-centric representations of images. Compared to the most widely used \emph{bottom-up and top-down} model \cite{anderson2018bottom}, the new model is bigger, better-designed for VL tasks, and pre-trained on much larger training corpora that combine multiple public annotated object detection datasets. Therefore, it can generate representations of a richer collection of visual objects and concepts. While previous VL research focuses mainly on improving the vision-language fusion model and leaves the object detection model improvement untouched, we show that visual features matter significantly in VL models. In our experiments we feed the visual features generated by the new object detection model into a Transformer-based VL fusion model \oscar \cite{li2020oscar}, and utilize an improved approach \short\ to pre-train the VL model and fine-tune it on a wide range of downstream VL tasks. Our results show that the new visual features significantly improve the performance across all VL tasks, creating new state-of-the-art results on seven public benchmarks. We will release the new object detection model to public.

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pzzhang/VinVL officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHub report
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Tasks

Image CaptioningImage-text matchingObjectObject DetectionVisual Reasoningobject-detection

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Image Captioning COCO Captions VinVL BLEU-4 41.0 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning COCO Captions VinVL CIDER 140.9 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning COCO Captions VinVL METEOR 31.1 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning COCO Captions VinVL SPICE 25.2 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps entire VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B1 81.59 #13 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps entire VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B2 65.15 #13 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps entire VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B3 45.04 #13 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps entire VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B4 26.15 #13 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps entire VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) CIDEr 92.46 #13 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps entire VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) METEOR 27.57 #13 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps entire VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) ROUGE-L 56.96 #13 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps entire VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) SPICE 13.07 #13 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps in-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B1 83.24 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps in-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B2 68.04 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps in-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B3 49.68 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps in-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B4 30.62 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps in-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) CIDEr 97.99 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps in-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) METEOR 29.51 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps in-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) ROUGE-L 58.54 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps in-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) SPICE 13.63 #15 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps near-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B1 82.77 #13 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps near-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B2 66.94 #13 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps near-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B3 47.02 #13 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps near-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B4 27.97 #13 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps near-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) CIDEr 95.16 #13 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps near-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) METEOR 28.24 #13 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps near-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) ROUGE-L 57.95 #13 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps near-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) SPICE 13.36 #13 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps out-of-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B1 75.78 #15 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps out-of-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B2 56.1 #15 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps out-of-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B3 34.02 #15 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps out-of-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) B4 15.86 #15 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps out-of-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) CIDEr 78.01 #15 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps out-of-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) METEOR 23.55 #15 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps out-of-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) ROUGE-L 51.99 #15 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps out-of-domain VinVL (Microsoft Cognitive Services + MSR) SPICE 11.48 #15 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-in-domain VinVL CIDEr 103.1 #10 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-in-domain VinVL Pre-train (#images) 5.7M #10 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-in-domain VinVL SPICE 14.2 #10 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-near-domain VinVL CIDEr 96.1 #9 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-near-domain VinVL Pre-train (#images) 5.7M #9 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-near-domain VinVL SPICE 13.8 #9 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-out-domain VinVL CIDEr 88.3 #10 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-out-domain VinVL Pretrain (#images) 5.7M #10 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-out-domain VinVL SPICE 12.1 #10 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-overall VinVL CIDEr 95.5 #9 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-overall VinVL Pretrain (#images) 5.7M #9 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Image Captioning nocaps-val-overall VinVL SPICE 13.5 #9 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Image-text matching CommercialAdsDataset VinVL ADD(S) AUC 88.56 #2 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) GQA Test2019 Single Model Accuracy 64.65 #11 of 127 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) GQA Test2019 Single Model Binary 82.63 #11 of 127 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) GQA Test2019 Single Model Consistency 94.35 #11 of 127 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) GQA Test2019 Single Model Distribution 4.72 #11 of 127 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) GQA Test2019 Single Model Open 48.77 #11 of 127 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) GQA Test2019 Single Model Plausibility 84.98 #11 of 127 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) GQA Test2019 Single Model Validity 96.62 #11 of 127 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) VQA v2 test-std MSR + MS Cog. Svcs., X10 models number 62.55 #12 of 38 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) VQA v2 test-std MSR + MS Cog. Svcs., X10 models other 67.87 #12 of 38 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) VQA v2 test-std MSR + MS Cog. Svcs., X10 models overall 77.45 #12 of 38 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) VQA v2 test-std MSR + MS Cog. Svcs., X10 models yes/no 92.38 #12 of 38 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) VQA v2 test-std MSR + MS Cog. Svcs. number 61.5 #13 of 38 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) VQA v2 test-std MSR + MS Cog. Svcs. other 66.68 #13 of 38 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) VQA v2 test-std MSR + MS Cog. Svcs. overall 76.63 #13 of 38 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Question Answering (VQA) VQA v2 test-std MSR + MS Cog. Svcs. yes/no 92.04 #13 of 38 Archive leaderboard report

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