Papers › Bayesian Learning from Sequential Data using Gaussian Processes with Signature Covariances

Bayesian Learning from Sequential Data using Gaussian Processes with Signature Covariances

19 Jun 2019ICML 2020 1arXiv:1906.08215archive 2025-07-28

Csaba Toth, Harald Oberhauser

We develop a Bayesian approach to learning from sequential data by using Gaussian processes (GPs) with so-called signature kernels as covariance functions. This allows to make sequences of different length comparable and to rely on strong theoretical results from stochastic analysis. Signatures capture sequential structure with tensors that can scale unfavourably in sequence length and state space dimension. To deal with this, we introduce a sparse variational approach with inducing tensors. We then combine the resulting GP with LSTMs and GRUs to build larger models that leverage the strengths of each of these approaches and benchmark the resulting GPs on multivariate time series (TS) classification datasets. Code available at https://github.com/tgcsaba/GPSig.

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add_time_to_sequence tgcsaba/GPSig/gpsig/preprocessing.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 414c7213cdb94ee2 · report

lr_hadamard_prod tgcsaba/GPSig/gpsig/low_rank_calculations.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · aec8c9dd4187cc12 · report

pad_sequence tgcsaba/GPSig/gpsig/preprocessing.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 17a3ac43a789b41a · report

suggest_initial_inducing_sequences tgcsaba/GPSig/gpsig/utils.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 0240537120fbabc9 · report

suggest_initial_inducing_tensors tgcsaba/GPSig/gpsig/utils.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · bc0514c4ae15cb0c · report

tabulate_list_of_sequences tgcsaba/GPSig/gpsig/preprocessing.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 088fbcad176ab3fd · report

Tasks

Gaussian Processes General Classification Time Series Time Series Analysis Time Series Classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

Task	Dataset	Model	Metric	Value	Rank at snapshot	Leaderboard	Report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.983	#2 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.106	#2 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.978	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.123	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.949	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-GRU	NLL	0.248	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.925	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-Sig	NLL	0.550	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.880	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.650	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.784	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	AUSLAN	GP-KConv1D	NLL	1.900	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.994	#2 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.023	#2 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.992	#4 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.047	#4 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.986	#6 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-GRU	NLL	0.066	#6 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.985	#7 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.082	#7 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.984	#8 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.050	#8 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.979	#9 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ArabicDigits	GP-Sig	NLL	0.071	#9 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	1.000	#1 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.040	#1 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	1.000	#2 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.088	#2 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.993	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-GRU	NLL	0.089	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.979	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-Sig	NLL	0.089	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.924	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.270	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.897	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CMUsubject16	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.255	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.991	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.031	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.979	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-Sig	NLL	0.108	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.941	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.409	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.925	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.258	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.233	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-LSTM	NLL	2.506	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.114	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	CharacterTrajectories	GP-GRU	NLL	3.523	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	1.000	#1 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.008	#1 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	1.000	#2 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.013	#2 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-Sig	Accuracy	1.000	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-Sig	NLL	0.021	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	1.000	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.035	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	1.000	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.035	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.812	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	DigitShapes	GP-GRU	NLL	0.727	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.848	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-Sig	NLL	0.356	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.832	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.431	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.816	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.402	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.782	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.496	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.760	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.543	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.734	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	ECG	GP-GRU	NLL	0.601	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.986	#3 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-GRU	NLL	0.052	#3 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.986	#4 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.067	#4 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.985	#5 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.053	#5 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.982	#6 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.061	#6 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.982	#7 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-Sig	NLL	0.069	#7 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.981	#8 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	JapaneseVowels	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.080	#8 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.900	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-Sig	NLL	0.224	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.900	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.301	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.820	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.493	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.700	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.662	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.620	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.696	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.600	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	KickvsPunch	GP-GRU	NLL	0.674	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.923	#3 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-Sig	NLL	0.259	#3 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.921	#4 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.320	#4 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.899	#5 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.346	#5 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.776	#6 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.911	#6 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.742	#8 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-GRU	NLL	1.110	#8 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.698	#9 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Libras	GP-KConv1D	NLL	1.608	#9 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.945	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.168	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.937	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-Sig	NLL	0.189	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.931	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.218	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.928	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.251	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.926	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-GRU	NLL	0.194	#7 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.921	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	NetFlow	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.259	#8 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.820	#2 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-Sig	NLL	0.520	#2 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.794	#3 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.537	#3 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.775	#4 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	1.100	#4 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.769	#5 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-GRU	NLL	0.784	#5 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.763	#6 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.704	#6 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.745	#8 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PEMS	GP-LSTM	NLL	1.194	#8 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.955	#1 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-Sig	NLL	0.146	#1 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.953	#3 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.185	#3 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.951	#5 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-GRU	NLL	0.187	#5 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.946	#6 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.181	#6 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.928	#7 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.289	#7 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.902	#8 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	PenDigits	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.399	#8 of 8	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-Sig	Accuracy	1.000	#1 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-Sig	NLL	0.011	#1 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	1.000	#2 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.012	#2 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	1.000	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.012	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	1.000	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.014	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	1.000	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.016	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.867	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	SHAPES	GP-GRU	NLL	0.168	#9 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.970	#2 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.113	#2 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.968	#4 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.121	#4 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.964	#5 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-Sig	NLL	0.140	#5 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.947	#6 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.189	#6 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.870	#8 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.745	#8 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.763	#10 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	UWave	GP-GRU	NLL	1.168	#10 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-GRU	Accuracy	0.994	#2 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-GRU	NLL	0.029	#2 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	0.988	#5 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.048	#5 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	0.984	#6 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.085	#6 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	0.978	#8 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.081	#8 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	0.966	#9 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.105	#9 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-Sig	Accuracy	0.965	#10 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	Wafer	GP-Sig	NLL	0.105	#10 of 10	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-Sig	Accuracy	1.000	#1 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-Sig	NLL	0.023	#1 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-GRU	Accuracy	1.000	#2 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-GRU	NLL	0.028	#2 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-Sig-LSTM	Accuracy	1.000	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-Sig-LSTM	NLL	0.030	#3 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-Sig-GRU	Accuracy	1.000	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-Sig-GRU	NLL	0.030	#4 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-LSTM	Accuracy	1.000	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-LSTM	NLL	0.048	#5 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-KConv1D	Accuracy	1.000	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report
Time Series Classification	WalkvsRun	GP-KConv1D	NLL	0.066	#6 of 9	Archive leaderboard	report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

GRU Gaussian Process LSTM

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections