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UQuAD1.0: Development of an Urdu Question Answering Training Data for Machine Reading Comprehension

2 Nov 2021arXiv:2111.01543archive 2025-07-28

Samreen Kazi, Shakeel Khoja

In recent years, low-resource Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) has made significant progress, with models getting remarkable performance on various language datasets. However, none of these models have been customized for the Urdu language. This work explores the semi-automated creation of the Urdu Question Answering Dataset (UQuAD1.0) by combining machine-translated SQuAD with human-generated samples derived from Wikipedia articles and Urdu RC worksheets from Cambridge O-level books. UQuAD1.0 is a large-scale Urdu dataset intended for extractive machine reading comprehension tasks consisting of 49k question Answers pairs in question, passage, and answer format. In UQuAD1.0, 45000 pairs of QA were generated by machine translation of the original SQuAD1.0 and approximately 4000 pairs via crowdsourcing. In this study, we used two types of MRC models: rule-based baseline and advanced Transformer-based models. However, we have discovered that the latter outperforms the others; thus, we have decided to concentrate solely on Transformer-based architectures. Using XLMRoBERTa and multi-lingual BERT, we acquire an F1 score of 0.66 and 0.63, respectively.

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Tasks

ArticlesMachine Reading ComprehensionMachine TranslationQuestion AnsweringTranslation

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

UQuAD

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Machine Reading Comprehension UQuAD BERT Exact Match 66% #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension UQuAD XLM-RoBERTa Exact Match .36 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension UQuAD XLM-RoBERTa F1 66% #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

AdamAttentionAttention DropoutBERTDense ConnectionsDropoutLayer NormalizationLinear LayerLinear Warmup With Linear DecayMulti-Head AttentionResidual ConnectionSoftmaxWeight DecayWordPiece

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