Papers › UNIQORN: Unified Question Answering over RDF Knowledge Graphs and Natural Language Text

UNIQORN: Unified Question Answering over RDF Knowledge Graphs and Natural Language Text

19 Aug 2021arXiv:2108.08614archive 2025-07-28

Soumajit Pramanik, Jesujoba Alabi, Rishiraj Saha Roy, Gerhard Weikum

Question answering over RDF data like knowledge graphs has been greatly advanced, with a number of good systems providing crisp answers for natural language questions or telegraphic queries. Some of these systems incorporate textual sources as additional evidence for the answering process, but cannot compute answers that are present in text alone. Conversely, the IR and NLP communities have addressed QA over text, but such systems barely utilize semantic data and knowledge. This paper presents a method for complex questions that can seamlessly operate over a mixture of RDF datasets and text corpora, or individual sources, in a unified framework. Our method, called UNIQORN, builds a context graph on-the-fly, by retrieving question-relevant evidences from the RDF data and/or a text corpus, using fine-tuned BERT models. The resulting graph typically contains all question-relevant evidences but also a lot of noise. UNIQORN copes with this input by a graph algorithm for Group Steiner Trees, that identifies the best answer candidates in the context graph. Experimental results on several benchmarks of complex questions with multiple entities and relations, show that UNIQORN significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods for heterogeneous QA -- in a full training mode, as well as in zero-shot settings. The graph-based methodology provides user-interpretable evidence for the complete answering process.

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ajesujoba/UNIQORN officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorch report

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Tasks

Knowledge GraphsQuestion Answering

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Question Answering TIQ Uniqorn P@1 23.7 #5 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering TimeQuestions UniQorn P@1 33.1 #17 of 21 Archive leaderboard report

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Methods

AdamAttentionAttention DropoutBERTDense ConnectionsDropoutLayer NormalizationLinear LayerLinear Warmup With Linear DecayMulti-Head AttentionResidual ConnectionSoftmaxWeight DecayWordPiece

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